The Fight for Human Rights Essay -- the security-for-rights compromise

Can you imagine a life without pre-meditated murder? In his movie nonage Report, Steven Spielberg brings this vision to humanity in the trappings of a police state. The pre-crime unit is charged with the elimination of pre-meditated murder using three pre-cogs, humans with the ability to predict violent crime. Minority reports- sporadic, erroneous predictions- indicate the fallibility of this system of imperfect procedural justice. Civilians have their rights to privacy violated on a regular basis for collection of intelligence. This movie is chillingly liable(p) in the real world, as today African-Americans and Muslim-Americans have their rights violated regularly in the name of security.Thankfully, we have more than a Hollywood protagonist to compete for the protection of rights. John Stuart Mill, Robert Nozick, and John Rawls volunteer a philosophic framework for evaluating the security-for-rights compromise. Though their respective theories vary greatly in theory and in pract ice, they provide models to condemn this exchange. Nevertheless, each differs in the persuasiveness and effectiveness of their tools for argumentation. Mills utilitarianism, Nozicks libertarianism, and Rawls egalitarian liberalism reject the tradeoff of security for a majority in exchange for the violation of the rights a minority. John Stuart Mill outlines a sometimes dubious plan for protecting rights and lacks the a priori protection of rights that Rawls and Nozick afford. John Rawls presents the most convincing and solid argument for the omnipotence of rights in the confines of a welfare state. His philosophy acts as an ideal synthesis of libertarianism and utilitarianism he demands the utmost respect for rights while seek to maximize utility f... ...t for rights because tom turkey Cruise says so and because Mill, Nozick and Rawls prescribe it. Works CitedBentham, Jeremy. Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Published online by Constitution Society. Web 18 June 2015.http//www.econlib.org/ subroutine library/Bentham/bnthPML.htmlMill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Web 20 June 2015.http//www.utilitarianism.com/jsmill.htmNozick, Robert. Distributive Justice. Macquarie University, Modern Political Theory. Web 18 June 2015.http//www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/nozick01bk.htmlRachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. Birmingham, Alabama Mcgraw-Hill College, 1999.Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Harvard, MA Harvard University Press, 1999.Minority Report. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Perf. Tom Cruise, Max Von Sydow, Steve Harris. Videocassette. 20th Century Fox, 2002.

Drowsy Driving: A Health Promotion Teaching Tool Proposal Essay

Drowsy tearaway(a) A Health Promotion Teaching Tool Proposal This paper is a end for a health promotion teaching tool to raise awareness of the dangers of drowsy driving and to provide some tips and hints to help people reduce their adventure and increase their safety while driving. The target audience is primarily the status post motor vehicle accident patient recovering as an con on the medical/surgical unit of New London Hospital. However, there may be a useful spill-over effect and this tool could also be used by families and visitors to the Medical Surgical unit. The tool would be available on the medical/surgical unit of the hospital in the form of a tri-fold color pamphlet, placed in a hallway between the patient rooms and the rehabilitation gym. The expected outcome is that after picking up and nurture the tool, patients would be more aware of the risks and hazards of drowsy driving and make choices to reduce their risk and increase their personal safety when d riving. DROWSY DRIVING In the preceding(a) several decades, our society has grown from a one for the road attitude to a zero tolerance approach to driving while intoxicated. A dissipated look at the evening news shows us that many different states considering measures to prevent texting while driving, and distracted driving is now a phase in common use. We understand the dangers of driving under the influence, texting while driving and distracted driving however, drowsy driving continues to be a problem on our roads. take assessment Between 1998 and 2008, 16.5% of fatal car accidents in the US involved a drowsy driver, and 13% of non-fatal accidents where at least one person was admitted to the hospital involved a drowsy d... ... the American Medical Association .1998 279(23)1908-1913. doi10.1001/jama.279.23.1908.Microsoft. (2014) Test Your Documents Readability. Retrieved from http//office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/test-your-document-s-readability-HP0101485 06.aspxBM2National Highway Safety and Traffic Administration (n.d.) Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes. Retrieved from http//www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/drowsy_driving1/drowsy.htmlTefft, B., (2012). Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Drowsy Drivers, United States, 1999-2008. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 45(2012) 180-186. http//dx.doi.org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.028U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2013). Healthy populate 2020 Initiatives Injury and violence prevention. Retrieved from http//www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=24

Chromatography Essay examples -- essays research papers

Chromatography is a separation technique in which the change to be isolated is dissolved in a solvent and the resulting solution, often called the mobile phase, is then passed through or over an new(prenominal) material, the stationary phase. The separation of the original mixture depends on how strongly each component is attracted to the stationary phase. Substances that are attracted strongly to the stationary phase will be retarded and not move only with the mobile phase. Weakly attracted substances will move more rapidly with the mobile phase.Liquid chromatography is an analytical technique that is useful for separating ions or molecules that are dissolved in a liquid phase. If the sample solution is in contact with a second solid or liquid phase, the different solutes will interact with the other phase to differing degrees due to differences in adsorption, ionic strength, polarity or size. These differences allow the mixture components to be separated from each other by usin g these differences to regulate the transit time of the solutes through a column.Simple liquid chromatography consists of a column with a fritted bottom that holds a stationary phase in residual with a solvent. Typical stationary phases (and their interactions with solutes) are solids (adsorption), ionic groups on a resin (ion-exchange), liquids on an inert solid support (partitioning), and porous inert particles (size exclusion). The mixtur...

Ethics of Cookies Essay -- Technology Computers Internet Essays

Ethics of Cookies ethic 1 plural but singular or plural in whirl the elucidate dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation 2 a a set of moral principles or values b a theory or system of moral values <the present-day materialistic ethic c plural but singular or plural in construction the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group <professional ethics d a guiding philosophy HTTP cookie <World-Wide Web A packet of education sent by an HTTP server to a World-Wide Web browser and then sent back by the browser each time it accesses that server. Cookies can soften any arbitrary information the server chooses and are used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions. Typically this is used to authenticate or identify a registered user of a web site without requiring them to sign in again every time they access that site. Other uses are, e.g. maintaining a shop basket of goods you have selected to purchase during a ses sion at a site, site personalisation (presenting different pages to different users), tracking a particular users access to a site. This day and age, it is undisputed that computers are one of the greatest tools for a person to have, and a not having a connection to the internet is a dreadful plan for others. The programs that are used by internet servers are a technology that advance so quickly, that it is difficult for a user to know with what he or she is exactly interacting. For example, if a user were to be browsing through a web site to buy a product, the web site (the server) could build a cookie for the user. The information that a cookie collects is claimed to be harmless by the w... ...may be one answer to this fear of privacy protection but, ultimately it is the responsibleness of the internet users and servers to stay informed of the many different risks of the internet. Bibliography Glassberg, Richy. Dont Fear the Cookie Monster. Mediaweek. 2 Oct. 2000 I Q38. Santa Clara University Expanded Academic Index. The Gale Group. 15 Nov. 2000. <http//w.../purl=rcl_EAIM_0_A66014940&dyn=5xrn_4_0_A66014940?sw_aep=scuweb_cn How Web Servers Cookies exist Your Privacy. Junk Busters. 14 Nov. 2000 <http//www.junkbusters.com/ht/en/cookies.html Lawler, Barbera. Hot button online privacy. Silicon Valley News. 5 Nov. 2000. San Jose Mercury News. 15 Nov 2000 <http//www.mercuryce...news/viewpoints/docs/Soapbox05.htm Persistent Cookie FAQ. Cookie Central. 14 Nov 2000. <http//www.cookiecentral.com/faq.htm

Working Mothers Essay -- essays research papers fc

It is often said that, "Mans work ends at solarise set. Womens work is never done." With sixty-three million women working and 62% of those women conserveing families, most women would this statement very true (AFL-CIO). While women are expanding their lives to include a career, they moldiness also maintain their traditional roles at home. This combination of housework and career-work is the reason why working mothers today have more stress than working fathers.     Mothers may work in an office from nine to five, but their work does not end at the office. After working an eight-hour day, a mother will pass off home to acknowledge care of her children, husband, and house. Women remain the primary caretaker and housekeeper of a family, and are also the primary caregiver for the elderly (Kelly, Garrett). All of this makes for a very demanding schedule.     typically after release work, a mother will pick up her children at a babysi tter or day care, and then continue to geartrain her children from soccer send to ballet class to girl scouts, etc. When she finally reaches home, exhausted, a mother will try to spend some quality date with her children before nutrition them dinner, giving them a bath, and putting them to bed. For some reason, all of these chores remain the work of a woman. In the mean time, a mother has no time to herself to withhold from a long day because she is so busy caring for everyone else.    &nbs... Working Mothers Essay -- essays research papers fc It is often said that, "Mans work ends at sun set. Womens work is never done." With sixty-three million women working and 62% of those women maintaining families, most women would this statement very true (AFL-CIO). While women are expanding their lives to include a career, they must also maintain their traditional roles at home. This combination of housework and career-work is the reason why working mo thers today have more stress than working fathers.     Mothers may work in an office from nine to five, but their work does not end at the office. After working an eight-hour day, a mother will come home to take care of her children, husband, and house. Women remain the primary caretaker and housekeeper of a family, and are also the primary caregiver for the elderly (Kelly, Garrett). All of this makes for a very demanding schedule.     Typically after leaving work, a mother will pick up her children at a babysitter or day care, and then continue to caravan her children from soccer practice to ballet class to girl scouts, etc. When she finally reaches home, exhausted, a mother will try to spend some quality time with her children before feeding them dinner, giving them a bath, and putting them to bed. For some reason, all of these chores remain the work of a woman. In the mean time, a mother has no time to herself to recuperate from a long day because she is so busy caring for everyone else.    &nbs...

Combining Fact and Fiction in the Writing of Frederick Douglass’ The He

Combining Fact and Fiction in the Writing of Frederick Douglass The Heroic SlaveAfter the successful issue of his autobiography, escaped slave Frederick Douglass decided to tell the story of a fellow ex-slave, Madison Washington, and his rebellion aboard the Creole slave ship. Rather than writing a purely historical account of the events, Douglass chose to embellish and alter the truth, creating The Heroic Slave, one of the first historical novellas and the first known piece of African-American fictional literary productions (Andrews 11). Douglass choice to write the story as a fiction made the novella easier for readers to relate to and, therefore, more than appealing to their sympathies. The Heroic Slave is based on the historical 1841 slave rebellion led by Madison Washington aboard the New Orleans-bound slave ship, the Creole. In his telltale(a) of the story, Douglass includes embellishments on, alterations to, and omissions of certain historical facts. By comparing his novel la to other documents citing the actual occurrences, we can analyze the changes Douglass made to the story and why he chose to make them.Douglass does not immediately discuss the Creole slave ship rebellion. Instead, the first three parts of The Heroic Slave concern the life of Madison Washington, the slave who would eventually become leader of that rebellion. In Part I, Douglass introduces us readers and Mr. Listwell, a white traveler, to Madison Washington. We overhear his soliloquy on the suffering he must endure as a slave. In this speech we are given the reason for his upcoming flight from slavery I am galled with irons but even these are more tolerable than the consciousness, the galling consciousness of cowardice and indecision. Can it be that I... ...dom to make many authorial choices that made the story of Madison Washingtons rebellion aboard the Creole a more effective case for the abolitionist cause. Through embellishments, alterations, and omissions, Douglass molded the history of the revolt to better serve his purposes. A simple, utterly accurate telling of the story would not have been nearly as powerful to the abolitionist movement.Works CitedAndrews, William L. Introduction. Three Classic African-American Novels. Ed. William L. Andrews. New York, Penguin Books, 2003. 7-21.Douglass, Frederick. The Heroic Slave. New York, Penguin Books, 2003.Jones, Howard. The curious Institution and National Honor The Case of the Creole Slave Revolt. Civil War History. Volume 21. Mar. 1975. 20-50.MacDonald, Robin. The Heroic Slave Frederick Douglass Revolutionary Revision. 1996. 20 Apr 2004.

Moliere

The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period. There atomic number 18 a sm tout ensemble amount of characteristics that are usually associated with the Enlightenment. population at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to instantly their human existence. In Molieres Tartuffe, this is articulated all the way d unmatchable the character of the king. Eventually, Tartuffe has brought an officer of the king back to take Orgon away. Though, in Tartuffes go-ahead to get Orgon arrested, the king saw through him and explained that Tartuffe was the one to be charged and put to trial.One more important characteristic in the play is the desire for equality and dignity for all, the notion that all have a set of fundamental human rights. The Enlightenment also confronted several of the former ideologies, and one of such ideologies was unawareness. Tartuffe demonstrates these characteristics throu gh the character Dorine, who is Marianes lady-maid in other words, she is someone with a low intumesce-disposed standing because she is a member of the working class. She is probably ignorant, as some are who have a low social status.Though, in the story, she is much smarter than Orgon and as well a lot more sensible. This illustrates that it does not matter what social class one comes from to find out their level of intelligence. Her proximity and acceptance by the family, with the exception of Orgon, illustrates that people can be looked at for their admit value and value. Dorine is an important person from a lower social standing than the family, however, she is capable of socializing and making friends with the family she works for.One more challenge is to false notion, dishonesty, as well as tyrannical traditions. Tartuffe is a character that is associated with the church and so far is a very misleading, deceitful character. He is capable of conning Orgon into letting him into his home. In addition, Orgon is misled into disinheriting his own son and leaving all the heritages to Tartuffe.Orgon is an example of the repressive person who makes an effort to maintain complete control. His control conventionally extends over his family, particularly his daughter. In the story, she is to suppositious to get married to the man she loves, however when Tartuffe enters the picture, Orgon withdraws his promise to her fianc, also tells her she is to marry Tartuffe instead. Despite the fact that, Orgon is challenged by his family, who work to parade Tartuffe is a con-artist. This is in rightful(a) opposition to the conventional power structure of society and brings into question the right of this structure.These are just a few instances of how the Enlightenment ideals are depicted in the works of the time, particularly in Tartuffe. Tartuffe as a result enthused up the clergy, with its clever lampoon of religious extremists and hypocrites, that it was banned for 5 years. That was a mild penalisation a number of clerics wanted the playwright burned as a heretic. In its place, he was excommunicated. Regardless of this, the Catholic Encyclopedia asserts Molire as one of the faithful.What is little known at present is that Molire was a student of science, a devotee of the skeptical Lucretius he quotes the Roman poet in The Misanthrope as well as an individualist in religion. The final scene in Molires take in Juan was illustrated by a contemporary as a school of question where, after making a clever Atheist say the some awful immoralities, he commended the cause of God to a valet who says ludicrous things. Don Juan was banned. (Michael Rothberg, 1993)Talking nearly of Molires probity, the Catholic writer said religion has no value near the author of Tartuffe. Molires Christianity was not as deep as that of Corneille, Racine, Boileau, and almost all the famous writers of his time. Moreover so far, when there was query of his being yieldn Christian interment, and the cure fluctuated, on the ground that the priest had arrived too late to give absolution to the comedian, who, it might almost be said, passed from the stage to the court of God, his widow provided evidence that he had received the sacraments in the last preceding paschal season.The comment in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molire was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He slip byd that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and merely under duress from the king was Molire buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides. He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molire who said, We die only once, and for such a long time. (Mccarthy, 2002).Work CitedGerry Mccarth y, 2002. The Theatres of Moliaere Routledge.Michael Rothberg, 1993. Marketing Power The Seduction of Rhetoric in Dom Juan. Journal article The Romanic Review, Vol. 84Research make-up OutlineI. Thesis The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period.II. Topic Sentence This was the age of motive.III. Supporting DetailsPeople at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to direct their human existence.Ideology of the EnlightenmentDishonesty and deceptionsd. TartouffeIV. MoliereLifeProductionsReligionV. ConclusionThe description in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molire was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He died that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and merely under duress from the king was Molire buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides.He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molire who said, We die only once, and for such a long time. (Gerry Mccarthy, 2002).I reviewed your comments on my proposal and realized that my topic and research paper required a lot of revision. I decided that it would probably be best for me narrow my topic and start over.Heres my first proposal with the comments attached.During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impact the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were relieve divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life. So was the case in France. Such diverse ways of practicing religion caused many conflicts here. Similarly, this play too, highlights suc h conflicts.I chose to write about religion during the Enlightenment Period because its exemplified in Molieres Tartouffe. So far Tartouffe is my favorite reading assignment this semester. I think that I bequeath be able to find a lot of information on religion during the Enlightenment Period. I also think there may be several available sources to find information about how Christianity impacted the lives of individuals who lived in that time period. I am also more familiar with this subject. I still cant grasp your exact topic here.This sounds very general and broad. The reader needs a clear direction. ***Which aspects of Christianity during Molieres time shed light on the actual textual matter Tartuffe? What problems did these present? Which characters will you examine (select only one or two from the play to keep this focused and clear). This is a question you might ask yourself forward crafting a focused thesis statement.In my research paper I will be highlighting the similar ities of the Devots of the Enlightenment Period and characters in Tartouffe. I hope to show how certain ideas or perspectives have the ability to both dominate and blind individuals regarding religion.I will be using The American Century Dictionary, The American Journey by Goldfield that discusses French culture and several internet articles to support my points in the research paper.During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impacted the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were still divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life.Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, a European writer, noted the behavior of his fellow countrymen and decided to write a comical play about it.The Devots made up a large peck of the Christian religion during the Enlightenment Period. The Devots were self-proclaimed righteous people. They were hypocrites who condemned anyone who didnt think like them.Inspired by the Devots, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere wrote a comical play making fun of their behavior. The name of Molieres play is Tartouffe.Madame Pernelle, a character in Tartuffe, most identifies with the Devots from the Enlightenment. She sees herself as a devout Christian Women. However, every one in her family except her son Orgon sees her as she truly is a hypocrite. She is one who is quick to judge and tries to justify her harsh words by insinuating that she only says what God tells her to say. When she was rude to her daughter-in-laws brother Cleante she tried to justify her behavior by saying it behooves us not to mince words when righteous fervor moves us.Like Madame Pernelle in Tartouffe, the Devots of the Enlightenment Period were self righteous hypocrites proclaiming to be ideal Christians. They had a negative impact on the lives of those who chose not to follow them.

La Conciencia de la Mestiza Towards a New Consciousness

In this world of dualitiesmale-female, whites- new(prenominal) races, subject-object, self-society, among otherswe are perpetually confronted with identities. Essentially, these are debates that co-exist, overlap, cascade and confront each other. Anzalduas creation of split up up loyalties seeks to find the allies in the other, the Whites. The recognition of the truth is at the foremost of the thought call. Instead of disengaging or spreading animosity, Anzaldua aspires to transcend the world of dualities by engaging the other and creating something new out of this experience. Ultimately, I agree with Anzalduas idea of divided loyalties, specifically in the paroles on the duality of race.This paper seeks to present Anzalduas perspective of the new mestiza and her cognizance of the different struggles of dualities. This discussion will be followed by the discussion of divided loyalties and Anzalduas call towards suffices of recognition and revisiting of buried truths that ar e indispensable features towards a more dignified humanity.Anzalduas argument inductively starts from a description of the self. The fact that the several(prenominal) of the 21st century has her crisis of self-identity because of the problematic definition of boundaries is enshrined in the statement Because I, a mestiza/ continually walk out of one culture/and into another/ because I am in all cultures at the same time. (Anzaldua 99) From this initial discussion the attempt to challenge the dualities of race and ultimately of identities is already surfacing. I also envision that this discussion is a vague description of the reality that every human being experience todaythat of globalization, not only on the macro-level plane such(prenominal) as the political-economic sphere, but also on the level of the self.While being in all cultures seems like a very beautiful phenomenon, it is genuinely presented as a encounter or struggle. The presence of different opposing cultural forces takes on the self as its battlefield. There is a conflict happening at heart The ambivalence from the clash of voices results in mental and emotional states of perplexity The mestizas dual or multiple personality is plagued by psychic restlessness. (100)Imagine this phenomenon of psychic restlessness taking home not just in a single person but collectively happening in commonly held boundaries such as race and culture. We then would have, what Anzaldua calls, un choque or a cultural collision. It is safe to assume that her understanding of un choque is comprehensive considering that she recognized that the struggle for collective identity takes its root on the struggle within the self.One might ask why is an understanding of the iconic, self-identity-struggling mestiza essential in presenting an argument that would validate the concept of divided loyalties? Simply put the mestiza connection is important because the struggle of the mestiza is a struggle of identity, a confrontati on between mutually exclusive variables of cultures. Loyalties are given to defined boundaries of an identity in this case, the terminal point is culture. The dilemma of the mestiza lies in her multiple cultural boundaries. Most of the time, the mestiza identity is challenged by paradoxical cultural realities. Divided loyalties exist because of the constant redefinition of the self in the context of conflicting cultivation and points of view (101). Why is there a tolerance for ambiguity? Anzaldua captures this in the statement Rigidity is death. (101)The concept of divided loyalties elucidates the readers in the intricacies of the dualities of race. Before the new consciousness, people are consumed in the dualities of culture and race but Anzaldua recognized that without a transcendence of this bipolarization, a new consciousness will never be attained. The dual and mutually exclusivist nature of culture is fertile soil for hostility and animosity. The concept of divided loyalties is unique in such a way that the other (i.e. Whites) is perceived as allies instead of enemies.This is what I would call the recognition of allies outside the boundaries of our identity. Next to this recognition is the others revisiting of truths that were denied, forgotten or disregarded. Anzaldua affirms this by stating We take you to accept the fact that Chicanos are different, to acknowledge your rejection and negation of us. We get you to own the fact that you wait oned upon us as less than human, that you stole our lands, our personhood, our self-respect by taking hold the collective shadow, the intra-cultural split will heal. (107-108).While there is an attempt to seek for allies in others (i.e. enemies), there is also the need for revisiting past injustices. Without revisiting them, there would be satisfaction for the clashes, the un choque, within and without the self. Anzalduas call for an acknowledgement of mistakes and recognition of White allies might seem to be a n anomalous response to the clash of cultures and yet ushering in a new consciousness calls for a new approach, a possible paradigmatic shift.It is tempting to assume that Anzalduas thoughts focus on the differences among the different dualities. The concept of divided loyalties is evidence supporting this fact. It is interesting to understand that divided loyalties show only one side of the multi-faceted and dynamic relation of identities and cultural boundaries. Crucial to the act of defining what makes different groups or individuals unique is also the act of finding the sameness co-existing among these differences.While there is the duality of Anglo and the Mexican, there is also the opposing identities and social constructions ground on sexes. Male dominance features strongly in Anzalduas discussions. The configurations of identities are complex that an area of sameness (i.e. Mexican culture) can also have self-reliant elements that show differences (i.e. Mexican men and Mexi can women). More importantly than posing the question what makes us different, is asking what makes us the same?The mestiza capability of walking in and out of different cultures can present a danger namely having a divided loyalty. Conversely, this same ability of the mestiza enables her to identify with others that are different by probing and looking into boundaries that are common denominators in different cultures. Of the Mexican-Indian difference, sameness can be found. Anzaldua writes, It is imperative that mestizas support each other in changing the sexist elements in the Mexican-Indian culture. As long as woman is put down, the Indian and the Black in all of us is put down. The struggle of the mestiza is supra all a feminist one. (106).Despite the concept of divided loyalties and the conventional behavior of animosity towards the other, Anzaldua emphasizes on creating avenues of action that would highlight sameness in the midst of differences. This phenomenon actually tran sfigures the mestiza into someone transcendent of her boundaries. I allude to this as reaching out to humanity.One undeniably appropriate example for divided loyalties is the struggle of indigenous people, specifically Native American Indians, for their identity which is juxtaposed with the desire to belong to the American way of life. Ideally, one might pursue a life exclusively grow in indigenous cultural identity or to embrace the American dream which leaves indigenous lifestyles behind. Surprisingly, Native American Indians show a hybridization of ideas and cultures. well-nigh might call it a post-modern worldviewtaking in, reinterpreting, reimagining and redefining the world and the self as one pleases. Clearly, when an individual or the collective consciousness of a culture aspires for such hybridization, loyalties are automatically compromised or divided.It is important to reiterate that this new consciousness and new identity should not be seen in a negative way. In spite of the challenges to the indigenous peoples of the world, their identities thrive. Remember, Rigidity is death.Another example for divided loyalties is the opend way of looking at things, as if we have all melted in the pot, but havent. (108). It is a conventional way of thinking for the rest of the world to abhor the US. Americanism, in a cultural sense, is largely detested. Politically, the US corpse the worlds hegemonic power although many Americans would deny this as a fact. While Anzaldua does not point this out, the world has become an American mestiza. The countries of the world look at themselves and their clear-cut boundaries of identity are prominent.However, under this presupposition is the subtle trend towards Americanism, as evident in the worlds knowledge of American culture, grapple of Brangelina, desire for the American dream, skill of the English language, use of American technology, among other things. While the countries of the world quintessentially retain thei r identity, the majority have collectively fallen into the concept of divided loyalties. The countries still have their identities, but they take on new forms, they have the ability for mutually exclusive concepts such as nationalism diffuse with Americanism or internationalism.One might consider that the new consciousness ushered is a necessary embrace of the minorities towards its melting into the greater majority. Ironically, the melting happens, and yet the inimitable identities of the selves remain. While Anzaldua believes in compromise such as finding White allies to further the cause of minorities, and the concept of divided loyalties might show how one exclusive boundary of identity can melt into the boundaries of another, her idea of a new consciousness still recognizes the legitimacy of the struggle of the less powerful. Talking in terms of race, this implies minority-majority conflictions that would need to be addressed. Furthermore, Anzaldua does not conform to passivity in the midst of constant changing of forms. This is indicated in the statement This land was Mexican once/ was Indian always/ and is./ And will be again. (113).Divided loyalties exist because the boundaries of identities (both of the self and the collective) are no longer defined structures. Conflicting realities will never co-exist, albeit the mestiza has the capacity to transcend its dualities. While divided loyalties can be a threat to the self, it is capable of bringing forth a new beauty of a newly defined identity.BibliographyGloria, Anzaldua. La Conciencia de la Mestiza, Towards a New Consciousness Borderlands, La Frontera The New Mestiza. 2nd Edition. Aunt Lute Books

Conspiracy Theories about Princess Diana’s Death Essay

IntroductionDiana Spencer, Princess of Wales was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales. She was an eminent celebrity of the late twentieth century well known for her fund-raising work for international charities(http//www. proud.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/The%20House%20of%20Windsor%20from%201952/DianaPrincessofWales.aspx henceforth HoTM).Sadly, she was famous not only due to her good deeds, but mostly because of her divorce with Prince Charles and later on, disputable relationship with the son of Egyptian billionaire Dodi Al Fayed. Princess Diana was constantly surrounded by paparazzi who accompanied her in closely every minute of her life and who tried to video her. Unfortunately this unhealthy interest of paparazzi in Dianas private life ended tragically. Princess Diana and her partner Dodi Al Fayed died in a gondola car accident on Sunday 31th August 1997 in Paris, France (HoTM). At around 1220 am that day, Diana and Fayed left the Ritz hotel to return to the apartment in Rue Arsne Houssaye, they got into the car driven by Henri Paul, the Acting Head of Security at the Ritz Hotel also Trevor Rees-Jvirtuosos, a member of the Fayed familys personal protection team, was in the front passenger seat (HoTM). Their car was followed by paparazzi.The driver, who wanted to run away from them, suddenly lost control over the car and collided head-on with the 13th pillar reenforcement the roof of a tunnel at an estimated speed of 105 km/h (King 2001 10). Although the French investigation concluded that the accident was caused by a drunken driver, there are dumb junto theories surrounding Princess Dianas wipeout. They assume that firstly, the accident was staged to get rid of the paparazzi, secondly The British Secret usefulness planned the accident and finally it was the Royal Family who assassinated Princess of Wales. Diana Spencer was unitary of the most famous woman in the globe, the pre-eminent female celebrity of her generation a direction icon , an image of feminine beauty, admired for her involvement in AIDS issues and the international campaign against landmines (http//www.biography.com/ population/princess-diana-9273782).During her lifetime, she was often referred to as the most photographed person in the world. (http//www.biography.com/people/princess-diana-9273782). Considering her life and her popularity it should come as no surprise that people from all over the world were interested in the mystery of her death. Loss of suchan iconic person always forces people, especially the most faithful fans to think about it more deeply. That is why all the speculations and gang theories about the real cause of Princess Dianas death are born.Conspiracy theories definitionAs Christopher Hodapp (2008 9) explains, a conspiracy speculation is the idea that well-nighone, or a group of someones, acts secretly, with a goal of achieving power, wealth, influence or other benefit. Christopher Hitchens represents conspiracy theories as the exhaust fumes of democracy, the unavoidable result of a freehanded amount of information circulating among a large number of people (Hodapp 2008 25). Although conspiracy theories are viewed with skepticism by scholars because they are rarely supported by any conclusive evidence, they create a visual sense of controversy and due to that fact many people believe them. Together with wars, secret assassinations and terrorist attacks pickings place in nowadays world, peoples leave in their governments and politicians constantly decreases (Burnett 20059).Many people believe that they work in very secretive ways and various facts about well-known historical and menses up to nowts are hidden (Burnett 2005 9). In order to reveal the truth, amateur investigators started to create their own deductions about various events on The Internet (Burnett 2005 9). They shoot also create different conclusions about Princess Dianas death, which later on brook grown up and gained the status of conspiracy theories. As we talk about conspiracy theories, we have to answer two questions What are the attributes of conspiracy theory? How theories about Dianas death meet the criteria of conspiracy theory? fit in to Keely (1999 117), Central to any CT is an ex officio story that the conspiracy theory must undermine and cast doubt upon. This can be related to the official cause of Princess Dianas death given by the police.Secondly as Keely (1999 117) claims, the true intentions behind the conspiracy are invariably nefarious, in Dianas case, those true intentions can be understood as a willingness to kill her. Finally, the last criterion states that the main tool of the conspiracy theorist is data which if true would tend to contradict official version (Keely 1999 118). These data, concerning Dianas death theories, could be all the information which put the blame on the Royal Family. Having ensured that theories about Dianas death meet the criteria of conspiracytheories, we c an examine some of them.Staged accident theoryFrom among hemorrhoid of conspiracy theories about Princess Dianas death circulating on the Internet, the one stating that Diana Spencer did not die, but she arranged her death in order to get rid of paparazzi, because she was tired of constant intrusions into her private life, is the least probable. Conspirators claim that she wanted to disappear from the man life so she staged the accident and that now she leads a normal life, somewhere in a hidden place with a different indistinguishability (http//urbanlegends.about.com/od/historical/a/princess_diana_2.html). Although this may seem ridiculous for most people, conspirators claim that they have evidence. They support their theory saying that the bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones, who was also taking part in this car accident still lives, but Mercedes auto experts after deep examination of a smashed car revealed that it would have been almost infeasible for anyone to have survived such a dra matic accident (http//theunexplainedmysteries.com/diana.html).Another piece of evidence that conspirators believe supports their theory is that just six hours before the accident Princess Diana talked to Daily Mail reporter Richard Kay and told him that she was about to withdraw completely from public life (http//www.public-interest.co.uk/diana/dipress.html). Although those presented pieces of evidence are believed to be facts by the conspirators, they can be considerably discredited. One simple, although significant piece of evidence that confirms the death of Princess Diana is the fact that Dr Robert Chapman carried out Dianas post-mortem examination the day after her death. This proves that at that time she could not have been alive (http//dianaremembered.wordpress.com/). The truth is that the conspiracy theory mentioned above is present only on the Internet, one cannot read about it in a book, that is the reason why it appears to be the least probable scenario. However, there a re some theories which make people think about them as they seem to be more probable.M16 theoryThe second conspiracy theory about Princess Dianas death stirs up thegreatest controversy as it states that The British Secret Service -the M16- planned the accident. They believed that Diana was a threat to the British throne and therefore the stability of the state. Another motive was to protect the new world order from the princess with inconvenient ideas, such as illegalise land mines as conspirators claim (Burnett 2005 273). John King in his book Princess Diana the hidden evidence (2001 45) states that M16 mission was to eliminate one of the most prominent figures on the world stage. King (2001 10) points out that Diana was seated directly behind the passenger side-front seat, which concord to Professor Murray of Birmingham University, whom the former interviewed, should have been the safest seat in the car, the most survivable.According to King (2001 11) seconds after the accident M16 agents showed up at the place of the accident and after making sure that Princess Dianas condition is fatal, injected the driver Henri Paul with cocktail of alcoholic drink and drugs and then they disappeared as quickly as they showed up. There can be a lot of different reasons why such important British means planned to kill Princess Diana. Noel Botham (2004 94) comments that some rogue autonomical cells in British Secret Service claimed that Princess Diana is a threat to the state and they are also suspected of eavesdropping her passim her years in the Royal limelight. Another important fact is that the only survivor bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones was a former member of the crack Parachute Regiment, one of the toughest in the British Army.Therefore he could also have been an M16 contact (King 2001 124). It appears that this conspiracy theory is more probable than the previous one, considering the fact that gathered evidence, even though not confirmed, bases on some logical and factual information. The following theory is closely connected with the aforementioned in a sense that some conspiracy theorists claim that the Royal Family planned the accident and used M16 as a tool.The Royal Family theoryAs we examining various theories about Princess Dianas death, it is impossible not to mention the Royal Family with whom she related for fifteen years through her marriage to Charles, Prince of Wales. In this theory conspirators claim that it was the Royal Family who planned Princess Dianas death. The conspiracy theorists support their hypothesis with theexplanation that the House of Windsor was furious about the fact that Princess Diana might marry Dodi Al Fayed, a Muslim, who would became a stepfather to Princess William and Harry, the heirs to the British throne (King 2001 190). Andrew Golden, the author of the Sunday Mirrors article entitled Queen To Strip Harrods Of Its Royal Crest wrote that the Royal Family may withdraw their seal of approval from Har rods() as a result of Dianas affair with owners son Dodi Fayed (King 2001 189).According to King (2001 190) after some time a prestigious royal warrant actually was withdrawn from Harrods. Thus, it appears that the Royal Family tried to express their disapproval of Dianas relationship with Dodi Al Fayed whose father was the owner of Harrods. Later, as King (2001 191) points out, it was revealed that Prince Phillip in particular was extremely unhappy about the relationship despite the fact that Diana was no longer Prince Charles wife. One of the most prominent supporter of the theory that Diana and Dodi were kill by the Royal Family was Dodis father- Mohamed Al Fayed. He claimed that the English Crown wanted to hide the fact that the couple was about to be engaged and that Diana was large(predicate) with her Egyptian boyfriends child a scandal that the British Royal Family would not be able to put up with (Hodapp 2008 323).However, later it was revealed that according to tests ran on samples of her blood collected at the scene, information about the pregnancy was untrue (Hoddap 2008 324). Bearing in mind the two aforementioned conspiracy theories this one appears to be the most reliable as it provides quite strong motive, namely the fact that the Royal Family treated Dianas relationship with Dodi as a threat to the throne.ConclusionControversy over Princess Dianas death has bothered people from around the world for almost twenty six years. As a result, dozens of different conspiracy theories about this tragic event were created. Some of them, for example the one stating that Princess Diana staged her own death are almost improbable fleck others, like the theory assuming that the Royal Family planned Dianas accident may seem more reliable. The three theories examined in this paper are still being refreshed and reinvestigated by different authors who try to find new evidence and confirm the theory that the death

Psy/310 Perspectives Paper Essay

Each psychological perspective has pioneers who have done the research to non only present the perspective, but to as well as prove how beneficial it is. John B. Watson is one of the great pioneers who created and popularized the behavioural perspective. He had many another(prenominal) followers who believed in what he said, including B.F. skinner. Although Skinner was truly influenced by Watson, he had his own ideas and theories that he afterward proved to be extremely persuasive. With the domination of the behavioral perspective, there also came skepticism, including one skeptic by the name of Edward C. Tolman. Tolman later introduced cognitive psychology, which is still a staple in modern day psychology. John B. Watson did not have the approximately ideal childhood. Perhaps this is why he later went on to become the mouthpiece for the movement that came to be called behaviorism (Goodwin, 2008, p. 338). He was born in 1878, just outside of Greenville, South Carolina. His fath er was a farmer with severe issues, such as alcoholism, adultery, and anger. His mother was an extremely religious woman who pushed a future in the faith onto Watson. Although Watson was a bright recent man, entering Furman University at the age of 16, he was well known as a troublemaker. Watson went on to earn his masters degree in 1900 earlier entering the University of Chicago. His intention was to study philosophy and psychology but later decided to focus on functionalist psychology. Watson had a pro form interest in animals and found himself extremely comfort adapted in studying their behaviors, sellher than those of human subjects. Watsons doctoral dissertation, codirected by Henry Donaldson and James Angell, was a study of the relationship surrounded by cortical organizement and learning in young white rats (Goodwin, 2008, p. 338). White rats were thought to be incapable of associative learning because their brains contained very few myelinated axons.Watsons studies la ter proved this to be wrong, in fact, proving that a white rats ability to form associations improved in their fourth calendar week of life, as opposed to the premier(prenominal) few weeks. Watson later published his results as Animal Education An Experimental Study of the Psychical Development of the White Rat, jibe with the Growth of Its Nervous System. This publication earned him his doctorate and the opportunity to remain at the University of Chicago as an instructor. Burrhus Frederick Skinners upbringing was a minute different than that of John B. Watson. Skinner was born in 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His father was a successful lawyer and his mother was a homemaker, together they were a very image conscious married couple who often worried about what others thought. Skinner was a very intelligent individualistic and an independent thinker. He questioned anything that was not supported with sound evidence. His high school principle strongly recommended him to New Y orks Hamilton College, stating that Skinner was passionately fond of arguing with his t to each oneers. He is quite a reader and although I do not think he actually supposes himself wiser than his teachers, I have found him to give that impression (as cited in Goodwin, 2008, p. 383). After his initial lugubriousness with Hamiltons atmosphere, Skinner realized that he had a passion for creative writing. Skinner decided to take a year off after his commencement exercise to just write. He moved back home with his parents and later referred to this time as his dark year. Skinners parents were concerned about what race thought of their son moving back home without a job, charm Skinner was concerned with the pressure of his parents expecting him to be productive in this year. In this year, Skinner read a number of articles and became intrigued with behaviorism.This intrigue motivated him to pursue graduate studies in psychology at Harvard. As Skinner moved up the ladder, from a graduat e student to a university fellow, his attitude toward authority never changed. Not impressed by the work of E.G. Boring, he referred to Borings perception trail as simply painful and lamented that Boring spent three entire lectures explaining a single visual illusion (Goodwin, 2008, p. 384). Skinner published his first hand in 1938, The Behavior of Organisms, which summarized his years of research at Harvard. He later returned to Harvard, in 1948, and remained active until his death in 1990. Edward C. Tolman was born in 1886 in a suburb of Boston, Massachusetts. Tolman came from a very stable and healthy family. His father was a successful business executive, while his mother provided a solid moral seat for thefamily. Tolman was extremely intelligent and talented, graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1911 with a degree in electrochemistry. There were two reasons why Tolman decided to stray from a career in the field of electrochemistry. The first rea son was the competition that would ensue with his brother, Richard Tolman, who later contributed to the development of the atomic bomb during World War II (Goodwin, 2008, p. 364). The game reason lies in Tolmans discovery of William James, often referred to as the father of Ameri do-nothing psychology. Following his graduation from MIT, Tolman enrolled in two summer courses at Harvard. The first was a philosophy course and the second was an introductory course in psychology. Robert Yerkes was the professor for this psychology course. Not only the professor, but also the reason Tolman was change on psychology and decided to enter graduate school at Harvard. Tolman went on to earn his doctorate degree in 1915 from Harvard. Watsons publication, Behavior An design to Comparative Psychology, made Tolman see behaviorism as an attractive alternative to the traditional introspective psychology he was encountering in Hugo Munsterbergs laboratory (Goodwin, 2008, p. 364).Edward Holt was a m ajor influence on the Tolmans beliefs. Holt believed that Watsonian behaviorism was too reductionistic and argued that behavior should be defined more broadly as actions that serve some intention (Goodwin, 2008). Great deals of Holts beliefs were adopted by Tolman and later became the core of Tolmans possibleness of learning. Later on, Tolman would be launched down the behavioristic slope after creation given the opportunity to develop a new course and remembering Yerks course and Watsons textbook. With such different backgrounds growing up, these three men unquestionably have similarities they share as well. Watson, Skinner, and Tolman each have their own connection to the behaviorist perspective in one way or another. Watson and Skinner each believe that an individuals behavior can be conditioned in certain ways. For example, Watson was a firm believer in neoclassic conditioning, while Skinner developed operant conditioning. After extensive research on animals, particularly ra ts, Watson performed an experiment on Little Albert to test his theory or classical conditioning. Aside from the ethical issues of experimenting on an infant, Watson was successful in proving his theory correct. Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear, not only the white furry rat, but anything else that resembled the rat in any way. This fear was elicited by the loud noise that was associated with the presence of the furry rat. Skinners beliefs differed in the sense that he believed an individuals behavior is influenced primarily by the consequence following that particular behavior. For example, if it is a negative effect the behavior is less likely to occur again. If it is a positive consequence that follows that behavior, the chances of the behavior repeating are more likely. This is the premise of operant conditioning. Tolmans trademark was little different because he introduced the cognitive theory to the world of psychology. Tolman too performed experiments on rats and their ability to run through complex mazes in order to gain a different type of understanding on how their brains register and use the knowledge they obtain.Repetition of the same routines everyday are overlooked. It is only when something is sought after in these routines that an individual or animal is able to recognize what they have previously learned. This is what Tolman believed to be a type of cognitive learning. Although primary behaviorism therapy is not popular today, behaviorism has been incorporated with cognitive therapy to develop cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Duckworth, MD & Freedman, MD, 2012, p. 1). This is a very popular type of therapy today, specially with treating schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and also different types of anxiety disorders. One of the greatest benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy is t he ability to allow the patient to work with the clinician in developing the most useful treatment plan. It is almost like an active intervention where the patient is a little more active in the planning of treatment options. This can sometimes require the patient to do different types of homework on their own. Watson, Skinner, and Tolman have definitely opened up the psychology world to so many different perspectives and theories. Although each perspective may have its different flaws or drawbacks, together they contribute what each lacks when standing alone. Without Watsons initial research, Skinner may not have been influenced to theorize such perspectives as operant conditioning. In turn, Tolman may have not had the chance to develop what we now call cognitive behavioral therapy. Each stepping stone has added a little more history to the world ofpsychology to make it what it is today. These are just three of the men that can be attributed for the extensive time and research resp onsible for this said history.ReferencesGoodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. Duckworth, MD, K., & Freedman, MD, J.L. (2012, July). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. National Alliance on Mental Illness, N/A (N/A), 1-2. Retrieved from http//www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=About_Treatments_and_Supports&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=141590

Passenger List Titanic

First class Name Age Hometown Boarded Destination Lifeboat Body Allen, get out Elizabeth Walton 29 St. Louis, Missouri, the States Southampton St. Louis, Missouri, regular army2 and chauffeur, Mr.George 19 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada 294MB Swane49 and cook, Miss Amelia Mary 18 London, England Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada11 Mildred Brown49 and maid, Miss Sarah Daniels 33 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada8 Allison, Master Hudson Trevor 0. 11 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada11 11 mths Appleton, Mrs.Charlotte Lane 53 impertinent York City, pertly York, Southampton in the altogether York City, natural York,2 (nee Lamson) ground forces regular army Astor, Colonel canful Jacob IV 47 sweet York City, newly York, Cherbourg refreshing York City, brand-new York, 124MB regular army regular army Astor, Mrs. Madeleine Talmage 18 rud e(a) York City, new(a) York, Cherbourg recent York City, novel York,4 (nee Force)5152 the States the States Baxter, Mrs.Helene (nee de 50 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Cherbourg Montreal, Quebec, Canada6 Lanaudiere-Chaput) Beattie, Mr. Thomson 36 Fergus, Ontario, Canada Southampton Fergus, Ontario, Canada A54 331O Beckwith, Mr. Richard Leonard 37 sore York City, immature York, Southampton mod York City, advanced York,5 regular army ground forces Bishop, Mr. Dickinson H. Dick25 Dowagiac, Michigan, regular army Cherbourg Dowagiac, Michigan, regular army 7 Blank, Mr. atomic number 1 39 Glen Ridge, sore Jersey, Cherbourg Glen Ridge, invigorated Jersey, 7 regular army ground forces Bowerman, Miss Elsie Edith 22 St. Leonards-on-Sea, EastSouthampton newly York City, New York,6 Sussex, England regular army Brandeis, Mr.Emil 48 Omaha, Nebraska, the States Cherbourg Omaha, Nebraska, USA 208MB Brereton, Mr. George Andrew 37 Los Angeles, USA Southampton Los Angeles, California,9 (alias George A. Brayton) USA Brown, Mrs. Caroline Lane (nee 59 Belmont, Massachusetts, Southampton Belmont, Massachusetts, D Lamson) USA USA Calderhead, Mr.Edward 42 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,5 Pennington USA USA Carrau, Mr. Francisco M. 31 Montevideo, Uruguay Southampton Montevideo, Uruguay Carrau, Mr. Jose Pedro 17 Montevideo, Uruguay Southampton Montevideo, Uruguay Carter, Mr. William Ernest 36 Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Southampton Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania,C USA USA and chauffeur, Mr.Charles 30 Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Southampton Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Augustus Aldworth49 USA USA Carter, Mrs. Lucile (nee Polk) 36 Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Southampton Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania,4 USA USA Cassebeer, Mrs. Eleanor 36 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York,5 Genevieve (nee Fosdick) USA USA Cavendish, Mrs.Julia Florence 25 London, Eng land Southampton New York City, New York,6 (nee Siegel) USA Chaffee, Mrs. Carrie Constance 47 Amenia, brotherhood Dakota, USASouthampton Amenia, North Dakota, 4 (nee Toogood) USA Clark, Mr. Walter Miller 27 Los Angeles, California, Cherbourg Los Angeles, California, USA USA Clark, Mrs.Virginia Estelle 26 Los Angeles, California, Cherbourg Los Angeles, California,4 (nee McDowell) USA USA Colley, Mr. Edward Pomeroy 37 Dublin, Ireland Southampton Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Compton, Mrs. Mary Eliza (nee 64 Lakewood, New Jersey, USACherbourg Lakewood, New Jersey, 14 Ingersoll) USA Cornell, Mrs.Malvina Helen 55 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,2 (nee Lamson) USA USA Crosby, Captain Edward 70 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USASouthampton Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 269MB USA Crosby, Mrs. Catherine 64 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USASouthampton Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 7 Elizabeth (nee Halstead) USA Cuming s, Mrs. Florence Briggs 35 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York, USA 4 (nee Thayer) USA Davidson, Mrs.Orian (nee Hays)27 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada3 Douglas, Mrs. Mahala (nee 48 Minneapolis, Minnesota, Cherbourg Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2 Dutton) USA USA Edward, Mr. John Samuel 27 Minsk, Belarus Cherbourg Philadelphia, 5 Pennsylvania, USA Flegenheim, Mrs.Antoinette 48 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York,7 (nee Liche) USA USA Fortune, Mr. Mark 64 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Southampton Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Canada Fortune, Mrs. Mary (nee 60 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Southampton Winnipeg, Manitoba, 10 McDougald) Canada Canada bounderlin, Mr. doubting Thomas Parnham 37 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, USA Frauenthal, Dr. Henry William 49 London, England Southampton New York City, New York,5 USA Futrelle, Mrs.Lily May (nee 35 Scituate, Massachuset ts, Southampton Scituate, Massachusetts,D Peel) USA USA Gibson, Mrs. Pauline Caroline 44 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York,7 (nee Boeson) USA USA Gracie IV, Archibald 53 Washington, D. C. , USA Southampton Washington, D. C. , USA B Graham, Mrs.Edith Ware (nee 59 Greenwich, Connecticut, Southampton Greenwich, Connecticut, 3 Junkins) USA USA and valet, Mr. Victor Giglio 24 Paris, France Cherbourg New York City, New York, USA and chauffeur, Mr. Rene 39 Paris, France Cherbourg New York City, New York, Pernot49 USA Harder, Mr.George Achilles 25 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York,5 USA USA Harris, Mrs. Irene (nee 35 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,D Wallach) USA USA and clerk, Mr. Vivian Ponsonby 22 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada Payne Hays, Mrs.Clara Jennings (nee 52 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Southampton Montreal, Queb ec, Canada3 Grigg) Hilliard, Mr. Herbert Henry 44 Brighton, Massachusetts, Southampton Brighton, Massachusetts, USA USA Hipkins, Mr. William Edward 55 Birmingham, West Southampton New York City, New York, Midlands, England USA Hippach, Mrs.Ida Sophia (nee 44 Chicago, Illinois, USA Cherbourg Chicago, Illinois, USA 4 Fischer) Holverson, Mrs. Mary Aline (nee35 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,8 Towner) USA USA Isham, Miss Ann Elizabeth 50 Chicago, Illinois, USA Cherbourg Chicago, Illinois, USA Ismay, Mr.Joseph Bruce 49 Liverpool, Merseyside, Southampton New York City, New York,C England USA and secretary, Mr. William 45 Wallasey, Merseyside, Southampton New York City, New York, 110MB Henry Harrison England USA Jones, Mr. Charles Cresson 46 Bennington, Vermont, USA Southampton Bennington, Vermont, USA 80MB Julian, Mr. Henry Forbes 50 Torquay, Devon, England Southampton San Francisco, USA Kent, Mr.E dward Austin 58 Buffalo, New York, USA Cherbourg Buffalo, New York, USA 258MB Kenyon, Mr. Frederick R. 41 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Southampton Pittsburgh, USA Pennsylvania, USA Kenyon, Mrs. Marion (nee 31 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Southampton Pittsburgh, 8 Stauffer)5258 USA Pennsylvania, USA Lambert-Williams, Mr.Fletcher London, England Southampton Newark, New Jersey, USA Fellows Leader, Dr. Alice (nee Farnham)49 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,8 USA USA Lindeberg-Lind, Mr. Erik Gustav42 Jordanstorp, Southampton New York City, New York, (alias Edward Lingrey) Sodermanland, Sweden USA Lindstrom, Mrs.Sigrid (nee 55 Stockholm, Sweden Cherbourg New York City, New York,6 Posse) USA Longley, Miss Gretchen Fiske 21 Hudson, New York, USA Cherbourg Hudson, New York, USA 10 Madill, Miss Georgette 16 St. Louis, Missouri, USA Southampton St. Louis, Missouri, USA2 Alexandra Marechal, Mr. Pierre, Sr. 28 Par is, France Cherbourg New York City, New York,7 USA Marvin, Mrs.Mary Graham 18 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,10 Carmichael (nee USA USA Farquarson)5260 McCarthy, Mr. Timothy J. 54 Dorchester, Southampton Dorchester, 175MB Massachusetts, USA Massachusetts, USA McGough, Mr.James Robert 35 Philadelphia, Southampton Philadelphia, 7 Pennsylvania, USA Pennsylvania, USA Meyer, Mrs. Leila (nee Saks) 25 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York,6 USA USA Minahan, Dr. William Edward 44 Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, Southampton Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, 230MB USA USA Minahan, Mrs. Lillian E. nee 37 Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, Southampton Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, 14 Thorpe) USA USA Moore, Mr. Clarence Bloomfield 47 Washington, D. C. , USA Southampton Washington, D. C. , USA and valet, Mr. Charles Henry 37 Washington, D. C. , USA Southampton Washington, D. C. , USA Harrington Natsch, Mr. Charles 36 Brooklyn, New York, USA Cherbourg Brooklyn, New York, USA Newell, Mr. ArthurWebster 58 Lexington, Massachusetts,Cherbourg Lexington, 122MB USA Massachusetts, USA Newell, Miss Madeleine 31 Lexington, Massachusetts,Cherbourg Lexington, 6 USA Massachusetts, USA Nourney, Mr. Alfred 20 Cologne, Germany Cherbourg New York City, New York,7 USA Ostby, Miss Helene Ragnhild 22 Providence, Rhode Island,Southampton Providence, Rhode 5 USA Island, USA Parr, Mr.William Henry 29 Belfast, Ireland Belfast New York City, New York, Marsh50 USA Partner, Mr. Austin 40 Tolworth, London, EnglandSouthampton Toronto, Ontario, Canada 166MB Pears, Mr. Thomas Clinton 29 Isleworth, London, Southampton New York City, New York, England USA Pears, Mrs.Edith (nee Wearne) 22 Isleworth, London, Southampton New York City, New York,8 England USA Penasco y Castellana, Mrs. 22 Madrid, Spain Cherbourg New York City, New York,8 Maria Josefa (nee Pere z de Soto USA y Vallejo) Potter, Mrs. Lily Alexenia (nee56 Philadelphia, Cherbourg Philadelphia, 7 Wilson) Pennsylvania, USA Pennsylvania, USA Rheims, Mr. George black lovage 36 Paris, France Southampton New York City, New York,A Lucien USA Romaine, Mr. Charles Hallance 45 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,9 (alias C.Rolmane) USA USA Rosenbaum, Miss Edith Louise 34 Paris, France Cherbourg Cincinnati, Ohio, USA 11 Ross, Mr. John Hugo 36 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Southampton Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Canada Rothschild, Mr. Martin 46 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York, USA USA Rothschild, Mrs.Elizabeth Jane54 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York,6 Anne (nee Barrett) USA USA Ryerson, Mr. Arthur Larned 61 Cooperstown, New York, Cherbourg Cooperstown, New York, USA USA Ryerson, Mrs. Emily Maria (nee 48 Cooperstown, New York, Cherbourg Cooperstown, New Y ork, 4 Borie) USA USA Silvey, Mrs.Alice (nee Munger)39 Duluth, Minnesota, USA Cherbourg Duluth, Minnesota, USA 11 Smith, Mr. James hold 56 Paris, France Cherbourg Long Island, New York, USA Smith, Mr. Lucien Philip 24 Huntington, West Cherbourg Huntington, West Virginia, USA Virginia, USA Smith, Mrs.Mary Eloise (nee 18 Huntington, West Cherbourg Huntington, West 6 Hughes)5261 Virginia, USA Virginia, USA Snyder, Mr. John Pillsbury 24 Minneapolis, Minnesota, Southampton Minneapolis, Minnesota, 7 USA USA Spencer, Mrs. Marie Eugenie 45 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York City, New York,6 USA USA Stengel, Mr.Charles Emil Henry54 Newark, New Jersey, USA Cherbourg Newark, New Jersey, USA 1 Stone, Mrs. Martha Evelyn (nee 62 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,6 Stevens) USA USA and valet, Mr. John Farthing 57 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York, USA USA Straus, Mrs. Rosalie Ida (nee 63 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York, Blun) USA USA and maid, Miss Ellen shit 31 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,8 USA USA Swift, Mrs. Margaret Welles 46 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,8 (nee Barron) USA USA Taussig, Mrs.Tillie (nee 39 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,8 Mandelbaum) USA USA Thayer, Mrs. Marian Longsteth 39 Haverford, Pennsylvania, Cherbourg Haverford, Pennsylvania,4 (nee Morris) USA USA Van der Hoef, Mr. Wyckoff 61 Brooklyn, New York, USA Belfast Brooklyn, New York, USA 245MB Walker, Mr.William Anderson 48 East Orange, New Jersey, Southampton East Orange, New Jersey, USA USA Warren, Mr. Frank Manley 63 Portland, Oregon, USA Cherbourg Portland, Oregon, USA Warren, Mrs. Anna Sophia (nee 60 Portland, Oregon, USA Cherbourg Portland, Oregon, USA 5 Atkinson) White, Mr. Percival Wayland 54 Brunswick, Maine, USA Southampton Brunswick, Maine, USA White, Mr.Richard Frasar 21 Brunswick, Maine, USA Southampton Brunswick, Maine, USA 169MB White, Mrs. Ella (nee Holmes) 55 New York City, New York, Cherbourg New York 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(nee Hall) 36 Bristol, Avon, England Southampton Jacksonville, Florida, 10 USA Bateman, mother Robert James 51 Jacksonville, Florida, USASouthampton Jacksonville, Florida, 174MB USA Beane, Mr.Edward 32 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,13 USA USA Becker, Mrs. Nellie E. (nee 35 Guntur, India Southampton Benton Harbor, Michigan,11 Baumgardner) USA Botsford, Mr. William Hull 25 Orange, New Jersey, USA Southampton Orange, New Jersey, USA Bowenur, Mr.Solomon 42 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, USA Bracken, Mr. James H. 29 Lake Arthur, New Mexico, Southampton Lake Arthur, New Mexico, USA USA Brailey, Mr. W. Theodore 24 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, Ronald50 USA Bricoux, Mr. Roger Marie50 20 Monte Carlo, Monaco Southampton New York City, New York, USA Brito, Mr. Jose Joaquim 32 Madeira, Portugal Southampton Sao Paulo, Brazil Brown, Mr. Thomas William 60 Cape Town, South Africa Southampton Seattle, Washington, USA Solomon Brown, Mrs.Elizabeth 40 Cape Town, South Africa Southampton Seattle, Washington, USA14 Catherine (nee Ford) Bryhl, Miss Dagmar Jenny 20 Skara, Vastergotland, Southampton Ro ckford, Illinois, USA 12 Ingeborg Sweden Byles, Father Thomas Roussel 42 London, England Southampton Jacksonville, Florida, Davids USA Bystrom, Miss Karolina 42 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,? USA USA Carbines, Mr. William 19 St.Ives, Cornwall, Southampton Houghton, Michigan, USA 18MB England Carter, Father Ernest 54 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, Courtenay USA Carter, Mrs. Lilian (nee 45 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, Hughes) USA Chapman, Mr.Charles Henry 52 Bronx, New York, USA Southampton Bronx, New York, USA 130MB Chapman, Mr. John Henry 36 Liskeard, Cornwall, Southampton Spokane, Washington, USA 17MB England Chapman, Mrs. Sara Elizabeth 28 Liskeard, Cornwall, Southampton Spokane, Washington, USA (nee Lawry) England Christy, Mrs.Alice Frances 45 London, England Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada12 Clarke, Mrs. Ada Maria 28 Netley Abbe y, Hampshire, Southampton San Francisco, 14 England California, USA Coleridge, Mr. Reginald 29 London, England Southampton Detroit, Michigan, USA Charles Collander, Mr.Erik Gustaf 27 Helsinki, Finland Southampton Ashtabula, Ohio, USA Collett, Mr. Sidney Clarence 25 London, England Southampton Port Byron, New York, 9 Stuart USA Collyer, Mrs. Charlotte Annie31 Bishopstoke, Hampshire, Southampton Payette, Idaho, USA 14 (nee Tate) England Corey, Mrs.Mary Phyllis 30 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Southampton Pittsburgh, Elizabeth (nee Miller) USA Pennsylvania, USA Cotterill, Mr. Henry irritate 20 Penzance, Cornwall, Southampton Akron, Ohio, USA England Cunningham, Mr. Alfred 21 Belfast, Ireland Belfast New York City, New York, Fleming50 USA Davies, Mr.Charles Henry 21 Lyndhurst, Hampshire, Southampton Eden, Manitoba, Canada England Davies, Mrs. Elizabeth Agnes 48 St. Ives, Cornwall, Southampton Houghton, Michigan, USA 1 4 Mary (nee White) England del Carlo, Mr. Sebastiano 29 Montecarlo, Italy Cherbourg California, USA 295MB del Carlo, Mrs.Argene (nee 24 Montecarlo, Italy Cherbourg California, USA 11 Genovesi)5262 Dibden, Mr. William 18 Lyndhurst, Hampshire, Southampton Eden, Manitoba, Canada England Doling, Mrs. Ada Julia (nee 34 Southampton, Hampshire, Southampton New York City, New York,? Bone) England USA Drew, Mr.James Vivian 42 Greenport, New York, USA Southampton Greenport, New York, USA Drew, Mrs. Lulu Thorne (nee 34 Greenport, New York, USA Southampton Greenport, New York, USA10 Christian) Enander, Mr. Ingvar 21 GoteborgGoteborg, Southampton Rockford, Illinois, USA Vastergotland, Sweden Fahlstrom, Mr.Arne Joma 18 Oslo, Norway Southampton Bayonne, New Jersey, USA Faunthorpe, Mr. Harry Bartram40 Liverpool, Merseyside, Southampton Philadelphia, 286MB England Pennsylvania, USA Fillbrook, Mr. Joseph Charles18 Truro, Cornwall, Eng land Southampton Houghton, Michigan, USA Fox, Mr. Stanley Hubert 38 Rochester, New York, USA Southampton Rochester, New York, USA 236MB Frost, Mr.Anthony Wood 37 Belfast, Ireland Belfast New York City, New York, Archie50 USA Funk, Miss Annie Clemmer 38 Janjgir-Champa, India Southampton Bally, Pennsylvania, USA Fynney, Mr. Joseph J. 35 Liverpool, Merseyside, Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada 322M England Gale, Mr. Harry 38 Harrowbarrow, Cornwall, Southampton Clear Creek, Colorado, England USA Gale, Mr.Shadrach 33 Harrowbarrow, Cornwall, Southampton Clear Creek, Colorado, England USA Garside, Miss Ethel 34 Liverpool, Merseyside, Southampton Brooklyn, New York, USA 12 England Gavey, Mr. Laurence 26 Guernsey, Channel Islands Southampton Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA Gilbert, Mr.William 47 Carleens, Cornwall, Southampton Butte, Montana, USA England Giles, Mr. Edgar 21 Porthleven, Cornwall, Southampton Camden, New Jersey , USA England Giles, Mr. Frederick Edward 20 Porthleven, Cornwall, Southampton Camden, New Jersey, USA England Giles, Mr.Ralph 25 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, 297MB USA Gill, Mr. John William 24 Clevedon, North Somerset Southampton New York City, New York, 155MB England USA Gillespie, Mr. William Henry 34 Abbeyleix, Laois, Ireland Southampton Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Givard, Mr.Hans Kristensen 30 Kolsen, Vorde Sogn, Southampton San Francisco, 305MB Denmark California, USA Greenberg, Mr. Samuel 52 Bronx, New York, USA Southampton Bronx, New York, USA 19MB Hale, Mr. Reginald 30 Auburn, New York, USA Southampton Auburn, New York, USA 75MB HamalainenHamalainen, Mrs. 24 Detroit, Michigan, USA Southampton Detroit, Michigan, USA 4 Anna (Anna Hamlin) Harper, The Reverend John 39 London, England Southampton Chicago, Illinois, USA Harper, Miss Annie Jessie 6 London, England Southampton Chica go, Illinois, USA 11 Nina Hart, Mr. Benjamin 47 Ilford, Essex, England Southampton Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Hart, Mrs. Esther Ada (nee 48 Ilford, Essex, England Southampton Winnipeg, Manitoba, 14 Bloomfield) Canada Herman, Mr.Samuel 49 Yeovil, Somerset, England Southampton Bernardsville, New Jersey, USA Herman, Mrs. Jane (nee Laver)48 Yeovil, Somerset, England Southampton Bernardsville, New 9 Jersey, USA Hickman, Mr. Leonard Mark 24 Fritham, Hampshire, Southampton Eden, Manitoba, Canada England Hickman, Mr.Stanley George 20 Fritham, Hampshire, Southampton The Pas, Manitoba, England Canada Hiltunen, Miss Marta 18 Joensuu, Finland Southampton Detroit, Michigan, USA Hocking, Mrs. Elizabeth 54 Penzance, Cornwall, Southampton Akron, Ohio, USA 4 Eliza (nee Neads) England Hocking, Miss Ellen Nellie 20 Penzance, Cornwall, Southampton Akron, Ohio, USA 4 England Hodges, Mr.Henry Price 50 Southampton, Hampsh ire, Southampton Boston, Massachusetts, 149MB England USA Hold, Mr. Stephen 44 Porthoustock, Cornwall, Southampton Sacramento, California, England USA Hold, Mrs. Annie Margaret 29 Porthoustock, Cornwall, Southampton Sacramento, California, 10 (nee Hill) England USA Hosono, Mr.Masabumi 41 Tokyo, Japan Southampton Tokyo, Japan 10 Howard, Mrs. Ellen Truelove 60 Swindon, Wiltshire, Southampton Idaho, USA (nee Arman) England Hume, Mr. John Law Jock5021 Dumfries, Scotland Southampton New York City, New York, 193MB USA Hunt, Mr.George Henry 33 Philadelphia, Southampton Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Pennsylvania, USA Ilett, Miss Bertha 17 Jersey, Channel Islands Southampton Atlanta, Georgia, USA ? Jacobsohn, Mrs. Amy Frances 24 London, England Southampton Montreal, Quebec, Canada12 Christy (nee Cohen) Jefferys, Mr. Clifford Thomas24 Guernsey, Channel Islands Southampton Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA Jefferys, Mr.Ernest Wilifred22 Guernsey, Channel Islands Southampton Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA Jenkin, Mr. Stephen Curnow 32 St. Ives, Cornwall, Southampton Houghton, Michigan, USA England Jerwan, Mrs. Marie Marthe 23 New York City, New York, Southampton New York City, New York,11 (nee Thuillard) USA USA Kantor, Mrs.Miriam (nee 24 Vitebsk, Russia Southampton Bronx, New York, USA 12 Sternin) Keane, Mr. Daniel 35 Limerick, Ireland Queenstown St. Louis, Missouri, USA Keane, Miss Nora Agnes 46 Castleconnell, Limerick, Queenstown Harrisburg, 10 Ireland Pennsylvania, USA Knight, Mr. Robert J. 50 39 Belfast, Ireland Belfast New York City, New York, USA Krins, Mr. Georges 23 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, Alexandre50 USA Kvillner, Mr. Johan Henrik 31 Trollhattan, Southampton Arlington, Virginia, USA 165MB Johannesson Vastergotland, Sweden Lahtinen, Reverend William 35 Minneapolis, Minnesota, Southampton Minneapolis, Min nesota, USA USA Lahtinen, Mrs. Anna Amelia 26 Minneapolis, Minnesota, Southampton Minneapolis, Minnesota, (nee Sylfven) USA USA Lamb, Mr. John Joseph 30 Glencree, Ireland Queenstown Providence, Rhode Island, USA Laroche, Mr.Joseph Philippe 25 Paris, France Cherbourg Cap-Haitien, Haiti Lemercier Laroche, Mrs. Juliette Marie 22 Paris, France Cherbourg Cap-Haitien, Haiti 14 Louise (nee Lafargue)5263 Leyson, Mr. Robert William 25 London, England Southampton New York City, New York, 108MB Norman USA Linnane, Mr.John 61 Chelsea, Michigan, USA Southampton Chelsea, Michigan, USA Louch, Mr. Charles Alexander 50 Weston-super-Mare, North Southampton New York City, New York, 121MB Somerset, England USA Louch, Mrs. Alice Adelaide 42 Weston-super-Mare, North Southampton New York City, New York,14 (nee Slow) Somerset, England USA Mallet, Mr. Albert 31 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Cherbourg Montreal, Quebec, Canada Mallet, Mrs. Anto inette Marie24 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Cherbourg Montreal, Quebec, Canada10 (nee Magnin) Matthews, Mr. William John 30 St Austell, Cornwall, Southampton La Salle, Illinois, USA England Maybery, Mr.Frank Hubert 36 Weston-super-Mare, North Southampton Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Somerset, England Canada McCrae, Mr. Arthur Gordon 32 Sydney, New South Wales, Southampton Canada 209MB Australia McCrie, Mr. James Matthew 32 Sarnia, Ontario, Canada Southampton Sarnia, Ontario, Canada McKane, Mr. Peter David 46 Guernsey, Channel Islands Southampton Rochester, New York, USA Mellinger, Mrs.Elizabeth 41 Wimbledon, London, EnglandSouthampton Bennington, Vermont, USA14 Anne (nee Maidment) Milling, Mr. Jacob Christian 48 Odense, Denmark Southampton Oregon, Wisconsin, USA 271MB Mitchell, Mr. Henry Michael 71 Guernsey, Channel Islands Southampton Toledo, Ohio, USA Montvila, Father Juozas 27 London, England Southampton Worcester, Massachuset ts, USA Moraweck, Dr.Ernest 54 Frankfort, Kentucky, USA Southampton Frankfort, Kentucky, USA Morley, Mr. Henry Samuel 38 Birmingham, Worcester, Southampton Los Angeles, USA (alias Mr. Henry Marshall) England Mudd, Mr. Thomas Charles 16 Huntingfield, Suffolk, Southampton New York City, New York, England USA Myles, Mr.

The Scarlet Letter essay: Why was Dimmesdale’s Suffering Worse Than Hester’s?

In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdales wideest transcendental is his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale feared that his soul could not bear the ignominy of such a disclosure because of his term as an important example figure in society. As a result, he keeps his identity a secret as Hester is in public ridiculed for their act of adultery. Despite his select of guilt oer shame, Mr.Dimmesdales private self-inflicted inner turmoil that is exacerbated by the twirls of Roger Chillingworth, ate away at his fleshly being and mental state, causing untold greater pitiful than Hesters public shame of the cherry-red garner. Much of the suffering, physical and mental, that Arthur Dimmesdale nominates is self-inflicted due to the wide weight of his guilty moral sense. Fearing that he would not be able to bear the punishment from the public, he chose to remain anonymous in his sins. In doing so, he underestimated the amount of money of psychologi cal twisting and suffering he would endure by his testify hand.By entirely confessing to himself, he does not fulfill the requirements of repentance, for there is no one to liberate him exactly himself. He does not every(prenominal)ow his conscience to be cleansed, and therefore must live with his sins. His emotional pain leads him to inflict pain with a all-fired scourge, which he had often plied on his own shoulders(99). He inflicts great physical pain in addition to his mental torture. In the early Christian church, self-flagellation was imposed as a means of self-mortification and purification for disobedient clergy and laity.In the bible, Proverbs relates that blows cleanse away evil and stripes wash the heart (Prov 2030). He is trying to redeem and cleanse himself with bulge out confession, but this is impossible. by dint of this self-mutilation, he attempts to apologize his mental pain by inflicting self pain he find this empty because he still neglects to partake in the nearly important aspect of redemption, confession. He also rigorously fasts, as an otherwise attempt to cleanse his soul. Hawthorne writes, it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast, not, however, like thembut rigorously, and until his knees trembled beneath him, as an act of penance(99).Religiously, fasting is commonly used as a spirt of purification and focus on spirituality. Once again, he uses bodily pain as an attempt to relieve his mental suffering. By participating in this unprofitable cleansing, he only subjects himself to greater psychological torture what he studied and knew to be a cure of guilt and sin only amplifies his own. The situation becomes unhopeful when his ways fail him, and this eats away at his religious beliefs, which are the basis of his entire life.He faces an entire identity crisis, and this is something Hester never had to endure. Yes, she withstood her own share of retirement and suffering, but never to the extreme where she turned to self-mutilation to relieve herself. He attempts to redeem his tarnished soul through various acts of contrition, but all is in vain because it is all done without a confession. His torture is all deep down himself he is his own shunning, gossiping townspeople and his own rock-flinging children. There is nowhere for him to hide.He is fully absorbed by his sins and they eat away at him. Hester, whos publicly tortured by others while in town, though it might be equally as injurious at that time, is still lesser than Dimmesdales suufering. Hester has an play route. She has the refuge of her home outside of town, where she can get away from the gossip and scorn. She also publicly embraces her responsibility in the affair, which allows her to accept the punishment, move on, and give something pricy out of it. Hester becomes a maternal figure for the community as a result of her experiences.She cares for the poor and brings them pabulum and clothin g. By the end of the novel, the shame of the blood-red earn is long gone. She doesnt owe anything to the townspeople any more than. Some even forget what the red A stands for. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, as a well-respected minister, stands at the cracker of his community, being the advocate of religious and moral standards of that Puritan society. He must remain in town, outwardly preaching to others about piety and remaining sinless, and internally feeling like an imposter.Dimmesdale realizes his fault in hiding his sin, but his trust to repent is repeatedly get well by his craving for public approval. He is their moral compass, yet he himself is lost. This drives Dimmesdale to further internalize his guilt and self-punishment and leads to still more deterioration in his physical and spiritual condition. Because of Dimmesdales decision to remain anonymous, he unconsciously creates a duality in personalizedity within himself that results in the deterioration of his menta l well-being.Dimmesdale, as the revered town minister, must keep up this dichotomy in personality he is constantly praised for his goodness and asked for moral and spiritual advice, while he is tumultuous inside. Hester is free to be whom she pleases. The townspeople do not believe Dimmesdales protestations of sinfulness. Given his background and his fondness for rhetorical speech, Dimmesdales congregation in the main interprets his sermons metaphorically rather than as expressions of any personal guilt.He plays the literal meaning of his words off against the context in which he speaks them. Dimmesdales tone of voice, his position as minister, his reputation as a saintly man, and the genre of the sermon allow him to say, I am the greatest sinner among you, but be understood to be humble, pious, and godly. His inner self is desperately trying to confess, but his self concerned with public appearance only allows him to do it in a way that he wont be taken literally. He is basicall y at war with himself.By remaining secret, Dimmesdale doomed himself to much greater suffering than if he were to be publicly condemned with Hester because he subjected himself to years of self-torture and an unyielding postulate for unobtainable repentance. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdales torture amplifies the pain of the sin, causing much greater suffering than Hester who only interacted with the doctor on sparse occasions. As his name suggests, Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient of human warmth. His perverted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul.Under the guise of a new doctor in town with salutary intentions towards the young minister and his health, Chillingsworth gains his trust and they move in together forming very peculiar codependent relationship. Chillingworth regards Dimmesdale to rear his intellect and to be the object of his obsessive desire that he can control and ultimately destroy Dimmesdale needs Chillingworth to keep his guilt alive, the constant agitative from the doctor for Dimmesdale to reveal his inner sin forces Dimmesdale to be constantly reminded of his transgressions. Chillingworth is like a leech. He sucks Mr.Dimmesdales life force out of sick need for reparation for Dimmesdales actions against him. Dimmesdale is subconsciously aware of his colony of Chillingworth, for he cannot and does not break away. Their relationship is described in this quote, Nevertheless, time went on a flesh of intimacy, as we have said, grew up between these devil cultivated minds, which had as wide a field as the whole sphere of human model and study to meet upon they discussed every topic of morals and religion, of public affairs, and private character they talked much, on both sides, of matters that seemed personal to themselves..(P). Chillingworth lived and thrived off the pain and guilt he constantly inflicted on Dimmesdale, and in a twisted way Dimmesdale relied on this psychological torture to further his self-inflicted search for forgiveness. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdales torture intensifies Dimmesdales suffering, causing Dimmesdale to endure vastly more than Hester who was able to avoid the evil doctor. Some argue that it was Hester who suffered the most throughout the novel. They say that because of her crime Hester became confidential from the other people in her society.They exemplify this with the quote, Who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impress as if they beheld her for the first time was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and lighten up upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself. (61). She became lonely, and the scarlet letter was a burden that Hester had to carry everyday of her life, and the symbol, which monastic her from any other human being.It caused Hester to be ostracized, but Dimmesdales cowardice in no t confessing lead ultimately, to his death. Hester had a horrible punishment she had to wear a scarlet letter for the rest of her life. just now Dimmesdales internal struggle with his own cowardice and guilt was far worsened than a scarlet letter. He suffered the most as he constantly punished himself for his sin. Although Hester suffered the public punishment she dealt with it well and took it in stride, ultimately creating a cocksure role for herself in the community and transforming the meaning of the scarlet letter.She was able to make amends and in time through good deeds, change the meaning of the scarlet letter from adulteress to able. Dimmesdale on the other hand, has to always bear their sin inside of him never allowing it to become public. He was never given the probability to make peace with himself. Instead of taking his penance publicly he does it privately. He was forced to continue to bear his private shame, while Hester was able to make peace with herself because she was strong enough to take her punishment, and stick despite of it.Suffering is commonly seen as an unconscious effort to ease dire feelings of guilt. Arthur Dimmesdales choice of guilt over shame led him to experience a great deal of physical and emotional suffering. Hester admitted to her sin and had a clear conscience, which allowed her to move on with her life and mystify as a person. Mr. Dimmesdales choice of namelessness in not confessing his wrongdoing to the public, led to his suffering through the guilt of his sin, a pain that was only aggravated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, and ultimately resulted in his painful and tragic death.The Scarlet Letter essay Why was Dimmesdales Suffering Worse Than Hesters?In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdales greatest secret is his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale feared that his soul could not bear the shame of such a disclosure because of his status as an important moral figure in soc iety. As a result, he keeps his identity a secret as Hester is publicly ridiculed for their act of adultery.Despite his choice of guilt over shame, Mr.Dimmesdales private self-inflicted inner turmoil that is exacerbated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, ate away at his physical being and mental state, causing much greater suffering than Hesters public shame of the scarlet letter. Much of the suffering, physical and mental, that Arthur Dimmesdale endures is self-inflicted due to the immense weight of his guilty conscience. Fearing that he would not be able to bear the punishment from the public, he chose to remain anonymous in his sins. In doing so, he underestimated the amount of psychological torture and suffering he would endure by his own hand.By only confessing to himself, he does not fulfill the requirements of repentance, for there is no one to forgive him but himself. He does not allow his conscience to be cleansed, and therefore must live with his sins. His emotional p ain leads him to inflict pain with a bloody scourge, which he had often plied on his own shoulders(99). He inflicts great physical pain in addition to his mental torture. In the early Christian church, self-flagellation was imposed as a means of penance and purification for disobedient clergy and laity.In the bible, Proverbs relates that blows cleanse away evil and stripes wash the heart (Prov 2030). He is trying to redeem and cleanse himself without confession, but this is impossible. Through this self-mutilation, he attempts to relieve his mental pain by inflicting self pain he find this unsatisfying because he still neglects to partake in the most important aspect of redemption, confession. He also rigorously fasts, as another attempt to cleanse his soul. Hawthorne writes, it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast, not, however, like themBut rigorously, and until his knees trembled beneath him, as an act of penance(99). Religiously, fastin g is commonly used as a form of purification and focus on spirituality. Once again, he uses bodily pain as an attempt to relieve his mental suffering. By participating in this unsuccessful cleansing, he only subjects himself to greater psychological torture what he studied and knew to be a cure of guilt and sin only amplifies his own. The situation becomes hopeless when his ways fail him, and this eats away at his religious beliefs, which are the basis of his entire life.He faces an entire identity crisis, and this is something Hester never had to endure. Yes, she withstood her own share of loneliness and suffering, but never to the extreme where she turned to self-mutilation to relieve herself. He attempts to redeem his tarnished soul through various acts of contrition, but all is in vain because it is all done without a confession. His torture is all within himself he is his own shunning, gossiping townspeople and his own rock-flinging children. There is nowhere for him to hide.He is fully absorbed by his sins and they eat away at him. Hester, whos publicly tortured by others while in town, though it might be equally as hurtful at that time, is still lesser than Dimmesdales suufering. Hester has an escape route. She has the refuge of her home outside of town, where she can get away from the gossip and scorn. She also publicly embraces her accountability in the affair, which allows her to accept the punishment, move on, and make something good out of it. Hester becomes a maternal figure for the community as a result of her experiences.She cares for the poor and brings them food and clothing. By the end of the novel, the shame of the scarlet letter is long gone. She doesnt owe anything to the townspeople anymore. Some even forget what the scarlet A stands for. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, as a well-respected minister, stands at the center of his community, being the advocate of religious and moral standards of that Puritan society. He must remain in town, ou twardly preaching to others about piety and remaining sinless, and internally feeling like an imposter.Dimmesdale realizes his fault in hiding his sin, but his desire to repent is repeatedly overcome by his craving for public approval. He is their moral compass, yet he himself is lost. This drives Dimmesdale to further internalize his guilt and self-punishment and leads to still more deterioration in his physical and spiritual condition. Because of Dimmesdales decision to remain anonymous, he unconsciously creates a duality in personality within himself that results in the deterioration of his mental well-being.Dimmesdale, as the revered town minister, must keep up this dichotomy in personality he is constantly praised for his goodness and asked for moral and spiritual advice, while he is tumultuous inside. Hester is free to be whom she pleases. The townspeople do not believe Dimmesdales protestations of sinfulness. Given his background and his fondness for rhetorical speech, Dimmes dales congregation generally interprets his sermons metaphorically rather than as expressions of any personal guilt.He plays the literal meaning of his words off against the context in which he speaks them. Dimmesdales tone of voice, his position as minister, his reputation as a saintly man, and the genre of the sermon allow him to say, I am the greatest sinner among you, but be understood to be humble, pious, and godly. His inner self is desperately trying to confess, but his self concerned with public appearance only allows him to do it in a way that he wont be taken literally. He is essentially at war with himself.By remaining secret, Dimmesdale doomed himself to much greater suffering than if he were to be publicly condemned with Hester because he subjected himself to years of self-torture and an unyielding quest for unobtainable repentance. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdales torture amplifies the pain of the sin, causing much greater suffering than Hester who only interacted with the doctor on sparse occasions. As his name suggests, Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient of human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul.Under the guise of a new doctor in town with wholesome intentions towards the young minister and his health, Chillingsworth gains his trust and they move in together forming very peculiar codependent relationship. Chillingworth needs Dimmesdale to nourish his intellect and to be the object of his obsessive desire that he can control and ultimately destroy Dimmesdale needs Chillingworth to keep his guilt alive, the constant provoking from the doctor for Dimmesdale to reveal his inner sin forces Dimmesdale to be constantly reminded of his transgressions. Chillingworth is like a leech. He sucks Mr.Dimmesdales life force out of sick need for reparation for Dimmesdales actions against him. Dimmesdale is subconsciously aware of his dependence of Chillingworth, for he cannot and does not break away. Their relationship is described in this quote, Nevertheless, time went on a kind of intimacy, as we have said, grew up between these two cultivated minds, which had as wide a field as the whole sphere of human thought and study to meet upon they discussed every topic of ethics and religion, of public affairs, and private character they talked much, on both sides, of matters that seemed personal to themselves..(P).Chillingworth lived and thrived off the pain and guilt he constantly inflicted on Dimmesdale, and in a twisted way Dimmesdale relied on this psychological torture to further his self-inflicted search for forgiveness. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdales torture intensifies Dimmesdales suffering, causing Dimmesdale to endure vastly more than Hester who was able to avoid the evil doctor. Some argue that it was Hester who suffered the most throughout the novel. They say that because of her crime Hester became secluded from the other people in her society.They exempl ify this with the quote, Who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impress as if they beheld her for the first time was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself. (61). She became lonely, and the scarlet letter was a burden that Hester had to carry everyday of her life, and the symbol, which secluded her from any other human being.It caused Hester to be ostracized, but Dimmesdales cowardice in not confessing lead ultimately, to his death. Hester had a horrible punishment she had to wear a scarlet letter for the rest of her life. But Dimmesdales internal struggle with his own cowardice and guilt was far worse than a scarlet letter. He suffered the most as he constantly punished himself for his sin. Although Hester suffered the public punishment she dealt with it well and took it in stride, ultimately creating a positive role for herself in the community and transforming the meaning of the scarlet letter.She was able to make amends and in time through good deeds, change the meaning of the scarlet letter from adulteress to able. Dimmesdale on the other hand, has to always bear their sin inside of him never allowing it to become public. He was never given the opportunity to make peace with himself. Instead of taking his penance publicly he does it privately. He was forced to continue to bear his private shame, while Hester was able to make peace with herself because she was strong enough to take her punishment, and grow despite of it.Suffering is commonly seen as an unconscious effort to ease painful feelings of guilt. Arthur Dimmesdales choice of guilt over shame led him to experience a great deal of physical and emotional suffering. Hester admitted to her sin and had a clear conscience, which allowed her to move on with her life and grow as a person. Mr. Dimmesdales choice of ano nymity in not confessing his wrongdoing to the public, led to his suffering through the guilt of his sin, a pain that was only aggravated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, and ultimately resulted in his painful and tragic death.