Patients Presentation Of Condition Risk Health And Social Care Essay

Some of the patients that receive dental intervention have a history of depression. It is estimated that 1 in 10 US grownups have depression, harmonizing to the most current informations and statistic of Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , Division of Adult and Community Health1. Many of those patients have some grade of anxiousness when sitting on the dental chair that might even get down at their determination to travel to the tooth doctor. Depression and associated anxiousness negatively affect patients ‘ perceptual experience of themselves and universe around them, doing them to hold low self-esteem and self-efficacy. As a consequence, they tend to insulate themselves from society and neglect certain necessities. A great illustration is their pick to avoid traveling to the dental office and pretermiting their dental hygiene, despite their usage of antidepressant xerogenic medicines and in many instances malnutrition. Depression besides adversely impacts patients ‘ emotions towards events and results in their mundane life. For case, they might be dissatisfied with the dental intervention they are having or its outcome regardless of how good the existent intervention is. Therefore, it is of import to non merely better their unwritten hygiene but besides to take the best, most practical intervention program that will ease the process on the patients and the tooth doctor at the same clip, and will ideally take to their long-run satisfaction.SignificanceAs health care professionals, tooth doctors should hold the capableness to grok each patient ‘s societal, medical and psychological history and its affect on dental intervention and result. It is besides necessary that we are able to work as a squad with patient ‘s primary medical physician and head-shrinker to orient a intervention program that is based on a profound apprehension of patient ‘s status.AimThe purpose of this pape r is to research the consequence of depression on patients ‘ unwritten hygiene, and analyze the result of dental intervention of grownup patients with history of depression, compared to adult dental patients without depression.Patient ‘s presentation of status or hazardThe patient being discussed in this paper has a long history of depression and anxiousness. She presents with edentulous maxillary arch and partly edentulous inframaxillary arch with badly carious, diagnostic dentition. Those five painful dentitions were besides nomadic, with terrible bone recession. Her maxillary dental plate and inframaxillary RPD were sick adjustment, broken, stained and had a bad olfactory property. Patient needed full extractions and new upper jaw and inframaxillary dental plates.Clinical QuestionWill adult dental patients with a history of depression have a good unwritten hygiene result, compared to adult patients without a history of depression?LITERATURE REVIEWPICOPopulation:Adult dental patientsIntervention:Having a long history of depressionComparison:Not holding depressionResult:Improved unwritten hygieneSearch Scheme:All articles were searched utilizing PubMed. The selected articles types were: Clinical Tests, controlled clinical tests, Randomized Control Trial, Review and Systematic Review. Search consequences were farther narrowed by choosing merely worlds as theoretical accounts, English linguistic communication, and publication less than 10 old ages ago. Articles were chosen after reexamining rubrics and abstracts, and selected based on relevance to the subject and highest grade of grounds. Using the keywords â€Å" symptoms of depression, † â€Å" dental intervention † and â€Å" dental behaviour † the first article, Symptoms of depression and anxiousness in relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, was result 1 of 15 and it was selected. None of the other consequences were r elevant to the subject, so another sent of keywords were used: â€Å" depression † and â€Å" untreated dental cavities. † 6 consequences were found, but the first consequence, Depressive symptoms and untreated dental cavities in older independently, was the most relevant. And to choose a article concentrating on depression and self-pride, the undermentioned keywords were used: â€Å" Oral wellness position, † â€Å" depression, † and â€Å" self-image. † Article, Self-Liking, Self-Competence, Body Investment and Perfectionism: Associations with Oral Health Status and Oral-Health-Related Behaviours, was result 7 of 24, and it was chosen based on its relevance and strength in reply the clinical inquiry. All three articles were cross-sectional, which is a weak type of survey. Harmonizing to ADA, a cross-sectional survey is one â€Å" is the observation of a defined population at a individual point in clip or in a specified clip interval. Exposure and result are determined at the same time † ( ADA- Center for Evidence Based Dentistry ) 2. Strong association and causing can non be concluded from this type of survey ; merely weak association can be deduced. There were a really few systemic reappraisals in the hunt consequences, but none of them were relevant to the subject of this instance study. Clinical tests and cohorts were besides non found to be relevant to the subject or assist reply the clinical inquiry. Furthermore, two of the three articles were conducted outside the U.S. , although published in English. There were no comparable surveies among the hunt consequences that were done in the U.S. ( snapshots of the hunt scheme attached to the dorsum of this study ) .Article Analysis:As a consequence of the hunt scheme, three articles were selected to turn to the above-named clinical inquiry. The first 1 is titled: Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand. What chiefly distinguishes this survey from others is the fact that it does non merely examine dental hygiene of patients with depression, but it besides investigates how those patients assess their demand for dental intervention and dental check-ups. Part of a successful dental intervention is to be cognizant and positive of its entire necessity and positive impact on your wellness. Otherwise, patients would be given to return back to their old unwritten hygiene wonts, doing the intervention to neglect. This survey, harmonizing to the writers, is portion of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, which randomly followed 96 % of all births in the states of Lapland and Oulu ( n=12,058 ) 3. A 1997-1998 long-run follow-up questionnaire was sent to 31 and 32-year old participants ( n=11,541 ) , and 75.3 % ( n=8,690 ) of them responded3. The questionnaire enquired about: their education-level, household income, self-perceived dental intervention and dental wellness behavior2. Research workers divided the collected informations into two chief parts based on symptoms of depression and anxiousness as determined by the depression and anxiousness subscales of Symptom Checklist-25. SCL-25 is a 25-question self-report study about the presence and grade of depressive and anxiousness symptoms over the old week3. For the intent of this instance study, merely data related to symptoms of depression is analyzed. The consequences of this survey were farther divided based on the strength of depression, depressed ( n=1,263 ) , mild symptoms ( n=657 ) , and non depressed ( n=6,702 ) 3. The per centum of down, mild symptoms of depression and non down topics describing brushing their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours was 47.9 % , 52.2 % and 55.6 % severally, and describing frequent dental check-ups one time or more in a 2-year period was 64.9 % , 65.4 % , and 69.7 % respectively3. Most interestingly, the per centum of participants who expressed self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand was 61.1 % , 60.4 % , and 48.4 % respectively3. After commanding for confusing factors, including gender, instruction and household income, consequences showed that there is an associated between depression and both toothbrushing twice daily and frequent dental check-ups3. As the strength of depressive symptoms addition, the frequence of tooth brushing and dental check-ups lessening. More intriguingly, this survey showed that patients who have a higher grade of depression tend to experience that they need more dental intervention, as compared to those with fewer symptoms or non-depressed. Therefore, research workers concluded in this survey that patients with depression tend to hold hapless unwritten hygiene wonts. Writers attempted to explicate this association by imputing depression to tire, psychomotor deceleration and deficiency of motive, which are all factors that hinder patients from executing day-to-day life necessities that can be every bit simple as toothbrushing. Furthermore, antidepressant medicines are known to do dry mouth, which may lend to increased dental cavities and worse unwritten wellness. In general, the consequences in this survey and the treatment provided by the writers proceed logically based on the information presented. They clearly province their hypothesis and list the collected informations in well-organized and easy to read tabular arraies. As expected, the writers do non claim 'cause and consequence relationship ‘ . They, nevertheless, claim an association between the dependant and independent variables as discussed above. This claim is justified by their informations analysis and research method, which is a cross-sectional survey. This type of survey has its ain drawbacks that we as research workers and professionals should be cognizant of, in order to avoid pulling the incorrect decisions and using them on our patients. It is important that we understand the failings and the strengths in this survey to recognize its restrictions in clinical pattern, and therefore guarantee better intervention results for patients. The chief strength in this survey is the big sample size followed in this survey, which increases the opportunities of holding a more accurate representation of the population. Another strength is this cross-sectional survey is the fact that it is portion of a postal questionnaire of a long-run prospective cohort survey, and topics were followed since birth for three decennaries. This ensures that the research workers have a better apprehension of the demographics, and societal, medical and dental history of respondents, including the development and patterned advance or declaration of diseases over the old ages. Furthermore, other surveies focus on older populations, but in this survey, research workers examined specifically 31-32 old ages old patients to do certain that they all received cost-free alveolar consonant intervention up to 18 twelvemonth of age3. This, to a certain extent, eliminates the confusing consequence of handiness to dental attention during childhood. Other conf using factors are: gender, instruction, and household income. Controling for all these variables strengthens the writers ‘ claim association between strength of depression and quality of dental hygiene. Another strength is the distinction between symptoms of anxiousness and symptoms of depression. While anxiousness is found to be associated with depression, this is non ever the instance. Anxiety and depression are different psychological diagnosings with different symptoms, which many surveies fail to divide. However, this survey avoids generalisation by sorting the consequences based on patients ‘ symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiousness individually. Furthermore, research workers further categorized their informations based on the strength of depression and anxiousness, utilizing Symptom Checklist-25 graduated table, which is the recommended showing of psychiatric upsets in a immature grownup population3. All these categorizations of informations make the consequences more population and disease particular, and cut down generalized decisions about depression and dental hygiene. Therefore, it seems that the overall strength of this survey is that writers avoid doing generalisations by stipulating inclusive eligibility standards, commanding for confounders, and stipulating different grades of depression symptoms. This reinforces the association between depression and both tooth brushing and dental check-up frequence. On the other manus, this survey has some points of failing that are deserving adverting. First of them is the fact that this survey is cross-sectional, which ranks it low on the hierarchy of grounds. In other words, entirely based on the survey design, the grounds for the association between depression and dental hygiene is weak, and possibly ca n't be applied clinically until farther prospective cohorts, indiscriminately clinical tests, or systematic reappraisals are conducted to turn out stronger association and causing. The decisions made in this survey are based on subjective steps, as self-reported by topics in the studies. Another survey is needed to objectively analyze dental hygiene utilizing patients ‘ cavities hazard and periodontic disease. Another 2012 cross-sectional survey, entitled: Depressive Symptoms and Untreated Dental Caries in Older Independently Living South Brazilians, conducted in Brazil examined the association between depression and dental hygiene wonts among big patients4. However, in contrast to the former survey, the latter objectively assesses dental hygiene wonts utilizing the rate of untreated cavities ( DMFT index ) , presence of dental plaque, and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Another chief difference is the fact that the latter survey focused on analyzing the impact of depression on dental hygiene behaviour among the geriatric population. Research workers interviewed indiscriminately selected 390 South Brazilians, who were more than 60 old ages old ( average age of 66.83 old ages ) , with at least one tooth in their teething ( average figure of dentitions of the sample was 9.94 ) 4. Oral scrutinies were done by two accredited tooth doctors. 44 out of 390 participants ( 11.3 % ) were shown to h old symptoms of depression utilizing the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) , which harmonizing to research workers has a sensitiveness of 85.4 % and specificity of 73.9 % in naming major depression symptoms4. Data collected found that 234 participants ( 60 % ) had at least one tooth diagnosed with untreated dental decay4. The average DMFT was 22.06, with a average D of 1.25, and a average F of 2.45. Furthermore, 126 participants ( 32.4 % ) had low unstimulated salivary flow4. Consequences showed that depression symptoms were associated with untreated dental decay. Writers concluded that depressive symptoms may move as forecasters of cavities in older grownup patients. In order to measure the credibleness of the decision, it is of import to analyse the strengths and failings of this survey. A major strength is commanding for major confusing external variables, including: age, gender, abode, monthly income, instruction, and prescribed medicines, and smoking wont. Controling for abode was used as a placeholder of non merely socioeconomic position, but besides H2O fluoridization, which contributes to keeping unwritten hygiene4. Another strength in this survey is the use of hierarchical attack to analyse and rank the above external variables harmonizing to their grade of association with untreated dental cavities. This is a well-organized analytical attack to sum up collected informations, and analyze the consequence of each variable individually. Harmonizing to this type of analysis, there is a important association between depression and untreated decay ( p= 0.01 ) 4. Furthermore, research workers used statistical analyses to mensurate the significance of association, including X2 trials for the dichotomous variables, and Student T trials and Mann-Whitney trials for uninterrupted variables4. All these types of analysis addition the dependability of the decisions. Despite these scientific analyses and indiscriminately selected big sample, this survey is cross-sectional, which renders the association between depression and untreated cavities weak, and no causing can be drawn from this type of survey. In add-on, even though research workers attempted to command for a comprehensive list of confusing variables, it is about impossible to nail the ground of untreated cavities to one variable, such as depression. Untreated decay is a consequence of a web factors: medical, societal, and psychological. Even though the hierarchical analysis might be an orderly method of analysing informations, it might non be inaccurate to rank the impact of each variable on untreated cavities, as that ranking might change based on different samples or different populations. Furthermore, this survey was conducted in South Brazil, and the consequences might non be applicable to a U.S. population. Another cross-sectional survey, Self-Liking, Self-Competence, Body Investment and Perfectionism: Associations with Oral Health Status and Oral-Health-Related Behaviours, aimed at tie ining self-liking and self-image to keeping one ‘s unwritten wellness position and behavior5. This survey is of import because low self-pride is a major symptom of depression, and possibly signifiers an obstruction to effectual dental intervention. The questionnaire was answered by 217 freshman dental pupils at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila in Romania, with a average age of 19.24 years5. The study included a 20-item self-liking/self-competence graduated table, and besides gathered information about topics ‘ age, gender, smoking wonts, unwritten wellness behaviour such as flossing, brushing and oral cavity rinse, and self-perceived dental wellness such as non-treated cavities, extracted dentitions, dental hurting, esthetics and gingival disease5. Consequences showed that topics with high self-liking and self-competence were more likely to brush their dentitions twice a twenty-four hours, floss, usage mouthrinse, and see their tooth doctors more frequently5. They were besides more likely to, as one would anticipate, hold less untreated dental cavities, less extractions and healthier gum with less hemorrhage. Furthermore, it was found that depression in mundane life was positively associated with denta l wellness. However, the association in this survey is weak due to the survey design, which is cross-sectional. Another failing in this survey is the fact that the topics are immature college pupils, who do non stand for typical patients with depression. Furthermore, the article did non concentrate on depression as a disease ; it examined â€Å" mundane life depression † instead5. In add-on, footings such as, gingival hemorrhage, untreated cavities, anxiousness, and depression might be confounding or misinterpreted by undergraduate pupils who are non dentally cognizant. For case, pupils might describe non holding untreated cavities merely because they are non experiencing any hurting. On the other manus, the comparatively big sample size, irrespective of the average age, is portion of the strength of this survey. Besides, the testers controlled for topics ‘ age, instruction and rational degree, to guarantee more accurate consequences. Synthesis of findings: Overall, based on the findings of the first article, Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety relation to dental wellness behaviour and self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, one can claim that grownup dental patients with a history of depression tend to hold worse dental hygiene results, compared to those without depression. Furthermore, patients with higher grade of depression have more self-perceived alveolar consonant intervention demand, which is most likely a direct contemplation of their low self-efficacy. It is deserving analyzing in future surveies whether this increased perceptual experience of dental intervention demand could be utilized by tooth doctors as a incentive to better their patients ‘ dental hygiene behaviour. Furthermore, even though decisions made by the writers may look logical, they can non be faithfully applied in clinic, unless proven by a higher evidence-based survey design. Similarly, based on the consequences of the 2nd article, one can reason that grownup dental patients with depression tend to hold more untreated dental cavities and worse dental hygiene results, compared to patients without depression. Stronger surveies are needed to turn out the association claim made in this cross-sectional survey. And for more relevant consequences, future surveies should be conducted on a big, indiscriminately selected sample of American population. Similarly, the consequences of the 3rd article showed that patients with high self-liking and self-competence have better dental wellness behaviour. In contrast, depression is found to be associated with worse dental hygiene. This makes sense because low self-pride is one of the common features of depression. However, this survey design is weak and does non bring forth dependable consequences based on the findings. The sample of population examined in this survey, dwelling of immature college pupils, is clearly non an accurate representation of our typical dental patient with depression.Description of patient:Demographic: J.J. , 57-year-old Caucasic female. Born and raised in New York, USA. Critical marks: BP: 130/80, pulsation: 62, BMI: 24 Social and Personal History: Divorced twice. Currently lives entirely. Patient has one kid in college. Patient is on public assistance and has Medicaid. Patient studies utilizing intoxicant one time every six months. She is a tobacco user: Cigarettes, less than 10 a twenty-four hours, 6 pack-year history. History of Present Illness: Patient struggled from depression and anxiousness for many old ages. Her depression escalated after her 2nd divorce. Medicines: Pristiq, Halcion and Valium. Past Illnesss: Bulimia when she was a adolescent, stopped in 2006. Cholecystectomy many old ages ago. Carpel Tunnel surgery 3 old ages ago. Arthritis which was treated surgically in her pollex. Three episodes of Bell ‘s Palsy, unknown cause. Reappraisal of medical history and susceptibleness to chronic disease: Depression doing her susceptible to cavities, periodontic disease, Review of systems and Risk factors: Depression, anxiousness, allergic reaction to penicillin, arthritis, dry mouth, malnutrition. Hazard factors: High cavities hazard, moderate periodontal hazard, moderate-low hazard of unwritten malignant neoplastic disease, moderate intral-oral nutrition hazard factors, due to old dental plates and trouble mastication. Pertinent Family History: Father had a heard onslaught Finally, based on the findings of both articles, depression is associated with hapless dental hygiene behaviour and high cavities risk because of low self-esteem, reduced frequence of check-ups and tooth brushing, and antidepressant xerogenic medicines. Consequently, it seems that grownup dental patients with a long history of depression tend to hold worse unwritten hygiene results, compared to grownups without depression. However, there is no uncertainty that this premise can non be faithfully applied in clinic until a prospective cohort, randomized controlled test, systematic reappraisal, or meta-analysis is used to demo a strong association or causing. It is of import that dental patients understand that even though those current surveies are logical and analytical, they are simply based on questionnaires, which do non run into criterions for high grounds. There is no uncertainty that handling grownup patients with a long history of depression is by and large more complex than handling those without important medical history. Depression patients, as illustrated by the above articles, tend to hold more untreated cavities to get down with. In add-on, it might be more hard to convert depression patients about a intervention program, particularly if they need extractions or dental plates. They besides tend to be less compliant with their assignments and physician ‘s instructions. Additionally, they might be more critical of their tooth doctor ‘s work and concluding result. However, all that should non impede or deter tooth doctors from handling depression patients. Everyday at NYUCD, pupils and module are able to successfully handle patients with depression, through showing compassion, apprehension, and appropriate communicating with patient. Depression patients have more self-perceived dental intervention demands compared to p atients without depression. Therefore, this evident consciousness of their dental demand should be used by their tooth doctors to actuate them to have necessary dental intervention. Furthermore, possibly tooth doctors should work with patients ‘ head-shrinkers to increase their self-esteem and self-competency, which should take to bettering patients ‘ dental wellness behaviour, and accordingly, guaranting a long-run successful intervention. Ms. J.J. , patient reviewed in this instance study, has a long history of depression and anxiousness. She feels dying when she sees a tooth doctor. It was determined after seting a comprehensive intervention program that she needed full upper and lower dental plates, alternatively of her old lower RPD and upper full dental plate. Patient was so given two options: either to pull out the dentition and become edentulous for a few months until the new prosthetic devices are inserted, or have immediate dental plates. Patient was ab initio disquieted and get downing shouting hysterically when she thought she could non afford the immediate dental plates. However, through proper communicating and exhaustively explicating to the patient the procedure of manufacturing immediate dental plates, including the timeframe and the fiscal facets, patient was really satisfied and agreed to acquiring immediate dental plates. And presently, patient is excited about acquiring her smiling back, like she sa ys. Therefore, it is of import that we, as health care professionals, understand the complexness of depression and how it affects the result of dental intervention. The intent of this instance study is to happen out whether grownup dental patients with history of depression have improved dental hygiene result, comparison to those without depression. After analysing the findings in the articles and their decisions, it is evident that there is an association between depression and hapless unwritten hygiene, reduced frequence of check-up visits and tooth brushing, and increased cavities hazard. Therefore, big dental patients with long history of depression have hapless dental hygiene result compared to those without depression. However, it is deserving observing that future stronger surveies with big sample size are needed to be conducted in the U.S. , in order to pull dependable decisions that can be applied in our evidence-based dental medicine in clinical pattern. Depression is a complex, multifactorial disease, which requires a squad of wellness attention professionals dwelling of at least patient ‘s tooth doctor, primary attention doctor and head-shrinker to set a comprehensive, long-run effectual intervention program for the patient.

Analysis of the Article: “The New Psychology of Leadership” Essay

Analysis of the Article: â€Å"The New Psychology of Leadership† Scientific American Mind Journal, August 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The article by Stephen D. Reicher tells us about how the definition of â€Å"Leaders† has been changed over time, and how it transformed to suit today’s society (Reicher, Platow and Haslam). It tells about how this effective leadership contradicted the conventional notion of what a leader should be, how a leader should act. It gave the September 11 bombing, where President George W. Bush has stepped up to give us a clear definition of what today’s leaders are like. Bush was merely an example, and that there are other aspects that would give a meaning to the â€Å"leaders† of today, redefining the belief that it only takes willingness and character to become a successful leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first point that was stressed, and that was manifested by President Bush during the 9/11 bombing was that leaders have been remodeled by the society today. It is not only willingness and character that the people need. Today’s leaders should also be able to act or be like them, be one with the people. Through that, there will be unity; and with a unified following, the leader can then mobilize these people to achieve the changes, as for the time of the bombing, was the call for America to act as one against terrorism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the article, there are several changes that have been shown when it comes to a characteristic that a leader should possess. The first of these changes was about charisma, evolving to a consensus. The notion about how leaders should possess charisma in order to attain success have been slowly shadowed by the fact that charismatic leaders are not effective leaders if they wont be able to get something going. It was then replaced by how well a leader adapts to his situation, and how he is able to lead people, which defines him as a leader. He should not be defined as how many people he can convince, instead he should be defined by how many people he was able to mobilize and bring out changes with his leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another defining character that an effective leader should possess is to be able to blend in with the crowd, the very people he is leading and supervising. He should be one of the gang, and not to be seen as the high-and-mighty sovereign ruler of the land. This is to gain the confidence and the respect of the people. If he is able to be seen as someone like them or someone who understands them, then the leader would definitely have their trusts and be able to mobilize these people toward the goals and objectives of the leaders which are also for the people’s interests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The leader should also be fair with his constituents or to those who are in lower positions from them. This is to maintain the trust and the positive outlook from these people, for them to think that these leaders are not taking advantage of their position, or that these leaders do not deserve their position at all. It is through their followers that the leader will be able to determine what to do, which is usually dependent on how the group thinks. Fairness can be observed by effective leaders in resolving problems between members, wherein there should be no favoritism shown. The leader should also be able to verbalize their leadership, being able to wield words and deliver them correctly to the people. This is one way of strengthening his command and building the respect of his followers, so that they can be effectively mobilized by the leaders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This article is a useful source of information on how a person can be an effective leader. This also updates us of how the society today defines an effective leader. This is because an effective leader doesn’t have a constant or concrete definition, of what should possess to become an effective leader. It still lies on his constituents, in his followers, that would define him on how a leader should be. This is because a leader is also a servant, and that is why a leader also has to be of service to others, which are the general public. Reicher, Stephen D., Michael J. Platow, and S. Alexander Haslam. â€Å"The New Psychology of Leadership†.   2007.   Scientific American Mind. August 9 2007. .

A Study of How Teamwork Can Help Eliminate Homelessness in Canada

A Study of How Teamwork Can Help Eliminate Homelessness in Canada Abstract Canada is an internationally known country with the long reputation for high quality of life with the growing number of citizens competing for limited resources, hence; making homelessness a reality. The main populations making up the homeless people in Canada are women, youths, and children. Most homeless youths engage in some criminal activities such as drug addiction, illicit drug trafficking, robbery and unprotected sex. Stakeholders should work as a team to cut across research and policy sectors to create a solution that coordinates response to homelessness in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of teamwork in finding the solution to homelessness in Canada. The teamwork composed of stakeholders namely: the homeless people, all government agencies, and the community groups. The paper utilizes Tuckmans Teamwork Theory that uses four stages of team development to analyze the effectiveness of identified stakeholders in addressing homelessness. The outcome re veals that designing affordable and quality housing in both rural and urban centers would be the best solution to homelessness in Canada. Introduction Canada is one of the nations in the world with the highest number of homeless people. The state of homelessness in Canada started in the 1980s after the governments reduced spending in social support, structural shifts in the economy, and investment in high-cost housing (Gaetz, Dej, Richter, Redman, 2016, p. 4). The main populations making up the homeless people in Canada are women, youths, and children. Homelessness has become a major crisis in Canada with thousands of women, youths and children across the country calling streets, parks, and emergency shelters their homes. The problem has since persisted calling for a joined action between stakeholders across the country to establish a solution to homelessness. The joint action requires teamwork and collaboration largely based on establishing strategies that would end the problem of homelessness in the coming five years. The following discussion utilizes Tuckman’s Teamwork Theory to find solutions to the problem of homeless ness in Canada. The solution identified will utilize principles of teamwork and benefit different stakeholders. These stakeholders are the homeless people, different levels of government, and community groups. Overview of homelessness in Canada Canada is an internationally known country with the long reputation for high quality of life with the growing number of citizens competing for limited resources, hence; making homelessness a reality. In the older days, only single men and older people suffered from the problem of homelessness in Canada, but the crisis has become more diverse today to include the women and young people. The 2016 government report on the state of homelessness in Canada revealed the exact number of homeless people, their demographics, and the exact experiences they face each day. The report shows that approximately 35,000 Canadians spend the night out in the cold each night and 235,000 Canadians are homeless every year. Also, 2016 report revealed that 27.3 percent and 18.7 percent of the homeless population in Canada are women and youth respectively. Older adults aged between 50 and 64 and those aged 65 and above are at greater risks of experiencing homelessness in the future (Gaetz, Dej, Richter, Red man, 2016, p. 5). The government suffers the most from the homelessness. Homelessness worsens the state’s economy, increases insecurity, and creates a bad reputation for the nation such that international partners develop a negative attitude leading to poor trade and business relations. The interest of all levels of the government is to ensure no more people are homeless in the country. The government could make this possible by formulating policies and strategies capable of addressing the issues. For instance, the Canadian government developed the homelessness policy in 1999 through effective collaboration with communities and individuals aimed at addressing homelessness issues (Doberstein, 2011). Most homeless youths engage in some criminal activities such as drug addiction, illicit drug trafficking, robbery and unprotected sex. Stakeholders should work as a team to cut across research and policy sectors to create a solution that coordinates response to homelessness in Canada. Stakeholders involved in homelessness in Canada Many parties are actively and passively involved in addressing the problem of homelessness in Canada. A strategic approach to the issue requires the engagement of all stakeholders to take part in decision-making processes in looking for solutions to homelessness to ensure representation of every concerned party. The following paper concentrates on three key stakeholders that have a lot of influence in developing strategies and policies alternatives to homelessness. The key stakeholders included in the strategic planning are the homeless people, all levels of government (policymakers, Departments of Health, Housing and Urban Planning), and community groups (non-profit organizations, private developers, and other foundations). Each of the three stakeholders has a big role to play in finding the solution to the prevailing problem. The homeless people are the key stakeholders and the victims of homelessness. The following group should have many interests including the need to know the plans other stakeholders, the government and community groups, have for them. Homeless people should select their representatives to take part in the decision-making process to ensure their interests are tabled and addressed. Also, the homeless play a significant role in the success of the plan because they bear the experience and stand a better chance of explaining to policy makers circumstances that led to them becoming homeless. Policy makers would use these details to create an intervention that would help prevent homelessness cases in the future. Finally, the community groups including non-governmental organizations, humanity foundations, and developers have a great role to play in developing strategies to end homelessness. Community groups advocate for equality and rights for the people. These groups will aid in creating awareness to the government to speed up the process of generating solutions to homelessness. Also, groups such as private developers may offer to build simple and affordable housing through government contracts to house the homeless. The success of any initiative agreed by the three stakeholders requires a teamwork approach. The discussion will utilize principles and theories of teamwork to ensure all stakeholders interests are considered in the final solution. The application of Tuckman’s Teamwork Theory to find solution to homelessness Effective management of a team requires skills, dedication, strategies and plans. Researchers in different fields have conducted numerous studies to investigate factors that influence quality team performance. Many theories explain the formation and management of teams with Tuckman’s teamwork theory acting as the most widely known to have produced excellent results. Tuckman’s Teamwork Theory was developed in 1965 and plays a critical role in ensuring teamwork and team building. Tuckman used to work with a team of social psychologists in the United Stated Navy where he studied small group behaviors using different perspectives. In his analysis of various articles and books on team development, Tuckman identified two main features that contribute to the performance of a group: the task activity and the group structure/interpersonal activity. Tuckman then introduced the Tuckman’s Teamwork Theory that describes four primary stages of development that make up a good team. The four stages are forming, storming, norming, and performing (Egolf Chester, 2013, pp. 142-143). The four stages of Tuckmans teamwork theory can be applied in the case to help bring together stakeholders and establish the solution to homelessness in Canada. The basic assumption of the theory is that a team that stays together over a time changes and develops (Nestor, 2013). Identifies stakeholders, the government, the community groups, and the homeless people have lived together to realize a common homelessness problem affecting the country. According to Nestor (2013), Tuckman’s Teamwork Theory describes three elements that determine the performance of a team, namely: content, process, and feelings. Application of four stages in the content issue The content relates to activities of the team, which in this case are finding the solution to homelessness. Some members of the team will utilize the content element to define the stakeholder-based type of solution they want and how they want it done to meet their interests. Additionally, the storming stage may face some rebellion as each stakeholder tries to make their interests included in the decision-making process. In the norming stage, the stakeholders will have cleared their differences and each member desires to become part of the team. Finally, the performing stage is characterized by all members having a similar concern of looking for the solution to homelessness. According to Nestor (2013), the effectiveness of the team is felt in the performing stage. Team members should always take precautions to avoid disintegrating during the first three stages of teamwork development. Application of the four stages in the process issue Process refers to the way the team works towards achieving its goals. The following case relates to the process of bringing together the stakeholders, the homeless people, the government, and community groups, into developing strategies and planning implementation plans for the problem of homelessness in Canada. In the forming stage, team members engage in searching for external forces that can give guidance and direction. For instance, the homeless people look for help from the government and community groups to help find better housing for them. Second, the storming stage involves members selecting tasks that fit their interests and ignoring those with less impact on their problems. The third stage on the process issue involves team members coming together to set procedures aimed at finding the solution to the problem. Finally, the team reaches the performing stage where they start implementing proposed solutions. Nestor (2013) claimed that teams that fail to accept the storming s tage as a way of preparing them for future tasks never perform. Application of four stages of the teamwork theory in the element of feelings The feeling element refers to how teams relate with one another. A good relationship between stakeholders must exist for the teamwork to succeed. The most significant stage in the feelings elements is the performance level where team members share a common focus, have good communication and become closer to each other to achieve the expected result. Recommended solutions that satisfy all stakeholders Following the five stages of Tuckman’s theory of Teamwork, it will be possible to have all stakeholders work together and find solutions that fulfill each stakeholder’s interests. The teamwork from selected stakeholders must have capabilities of solving problems faced by the homeless in Canada and implement strategies that will see the country do away with the problem of homelessness in the future. One of the proposed solutions to homelessness in Canada is building of affordable housing units. The three stakeholders, the homeless people, the government, and community groups would all agree that victims of homelessness lack proper and affordable housing units. In January 2015, four homeless people died in Toronto with the cause of death attributed to extreme cold and burning of a makeshift shack. Mayor John Tory responded to the incident by creating a plan to rent 90 motel rooms for all homeless people for the remaining part of winter to act as temporary shelters (Daro, 2015. The case above reveals that overcrowding homeless shelters and lack of affordable housing in Canada are the primary cause of homelessness. The collaboration between stakeholder, especially between the government and community groups, should act in speed to create a plan for providing long-term and stable housing for the homeless in the future. The government of Canada came up with an initiative termed â€Å"Housing our Future† that aimed at solving the issue of homelessness between 2014 and 2024. The Canada’s population increases each year with the probability of the country recording double population growth by the year 2030 (The County of Simcoe, 2014). Some stakeholders including the County members, members of the Municipalities, Community, and Cities came up with a team to propagate the initiative towards the performing stage. Working together with various stakeholders would help establish cheap and affordable housing units to shelter the homelessness in Canada. The private sector played a critical role in the plan by offering services and workforce to help design and implement the project. On the other hand, a similar plan for ending homelessness that focused on the housing strategy was started in the Calgary City of Canada. The plan established in 2008 aimed at making Canadians more self-reliance and independent. The government realized that it would have to deal with the problem of homelessness in the future, hence; came up with the plan. Individuals experiencing homelessness at that time was given a permanent housing and provided with government support. The key stakeholders that included the government, the community groups, and other interested parties worked as a team to coordinate all operations to support the plan (Calgary Homeless Foundation, 2015). The Calgary City homelessness plan is an example of a successful solution that ended up reducing the number of homeless people in Canada and making many independent of dating. Conclusion According to Gaetz, Dej, Richter, Redman (2014), the number of individuals and families experiencing homelessness in Canada is expected to grow should the government fail to take quick actions to end the problem. Homeless people should never be viewed as victims of social structures and not social misfits. Homeless people in Canada have for the last two decades undergone a lot of challenges including marginalization. The issue brings more problems especially considering the vulnerability of these people. Homelessness causes major health and social problems that affect the individuals lifestyle. Guirguis-Younger, McNeil Hwang (2014, pp. 28-29) argued homelessness in Canada, especially among youths, has increased tremendously requiring a systematic response. The working together of stakeholders using teamwork principles and dynamics will help end the problem of homelessness in Canada. The analysis of the issue came up with the solution to homelessness as having affordable housing unit s, especially in Cities. Making housing affordable will get rid of many families spending their nights in makeshift shelters out of streets and start enjoying a safer lifestyle.

Ethical Care & Nursing as a Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Care & Nursing as a Profession - Essay Example At times, whistle blowing is an approach that helps in enhancing service provision. For instance, in nursing organizations, the elderly are mistreated, since they do not have complications that are solved through medication. Since the nurses have to engage the elderly with profound care and maintenance, they feel that they spend a lot of time with the elderly than other patients. Similarly, they have to attend to the senior citizens with patience and humility. As a result, the elderly are neglected, with little attention being given. In many situations, the elderly are not in a position to expound on their predicaments, since they fear adverse conditions. Whistle blowing in the nursing unit instigated a solution to the problem, since the situation was escalating (Kelly, 2010). The staff had to respond to the call, as stringent measures would be taken to the perpetrators. In fact, the whistle blowing incident was appropriate, as it instilled decorum in the nursing profession.   Ther efore, the whistle blowing was timely, as it ensured the senior citizens are treated with care and love, irrespective of their age and situation.Previously, malpractice has occasionally been cited, due to limited education and experience. For instance, surgeons have to be experienced and well educated to start practicing in the profession. However, when the surgeons do not have the required knowledge and skills, they may be prone to mistakes in ensuring the services provided in the profession are of high quality.

Read the case first, and then answer the question Assignment - 1

Read the case first, and then answer the question - Assignment Example One advantage of Facebook advertisement is its â€Å"like, comment and share† features that engage the users in an interactive product advertisement. A user who spots a unique product, they can like it, express their opinions on the product through the comment option or even invite others to like the product by a click on the share option. As Treadway and Smith (13) point out, these features make Facebook â€Å"a Winner take all† in the social media advertisement. With these features, Facebook is likely to attract more buyers for organizations with a short time period. For instance, Coca-Cola Company increased its revenue from $1.86 billion to $ 82.9 billion dollars within a period of less than one year. Another advantage of Facebook emanates from its popularity in the social spheres especially to the young generation. An organization that creates an advertisement is likely to attract more customers in the shortest time possible. Nike Company doubled its Facebook fans t o 3.1 million within a weekend. Additionally, over 30% of the people who like an advertisement are likely to recall about the product. From this point of view, Facebook is a channel for distribution organizational information which is necessary for organizational growth. On the other hand, Facebook is a way of managing processes that allow customers to acquire information from the organization. When an organization shares its information on its Facebook page, it allows potential customers to read and share the same information which is part forms part of customer attraction. The success of the Coca Cola Company can be associated with the organization's ability to provide product information to its 12 million Facebook fans. The customers of Seven K’ business organization can access information on health tips from their Facebook ‘service mission’ page. From a different perspective, organizations are able to obtain customer feedback from the Facebook pages in the co mment space which allows customer to comment either positively or negatively about the products (Treadaway and Smith 241). Acquisition of customer feedback allows organizations to assess customer reaction and modify the products suit the consumer tastes. This way the organization is able to perfect and develop its products from time to time, a critical part of the customer value approach. Case Study, A Mobile Application for Home Depot A core aspect of an information system is effective in the distribution of information and management of the people within an organization. In the e-enabled world, information is a critical aspect of the business organization that contributes to the success of the organization in a competitive market environment. The information distribution must be smooth, reliable, coordinated, effective and timely. In Home depot, the organization has remained static by declining to integrate technology driven information management system, which is a portrayal of i ncompetence on the part of the management. The move of the CEO Frank Blake to equip the employees with sophisticated mobile equipment is an innovative plan for distribution of information about the effectiveness of the organization. First phones will allow employees to communicate, manage organizational records and inventories and even facilitate the purchase of products. Consequently, this will form an effective network for information manag

Aviation history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aviation history - Essay Example h their mission considering that it had the advantage of using airships, which were only able to drop 300 tons of bombs despite the capability to drop a big number where more damages and loss of lives could have been recorded. Moreover, Germany failed to make any economic value from the war as it incurred more loss from the war owing to its big expenditure budget, which was five time the cost of damage on Britain’s property. Lastly, more than a half of German’s airships were destroyed while only 40% of the German’s service branch engaged in the war were able to return back home (Payne, 2008). According to Payne (2008), the actual impact of the air raids from German’s airships was considerably low but same cannot be said of the psychological effect that it had on the civilians and the kin of British service men who were based overseas. The German airships and in particular the Zeppelin as a weapon of war created more fear among the British citizens and it contributed to a complete lose of military and civil morale, which made it appear as if the Germans had already won the war, since everyone was asking themselves how they will survive such weapons of mass destruction. Payne, D. (2008). The Bombing of Britain in the Great War: The Western Front Association. Retrieved from: http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/component/content/article/121- aerial-warfare/876-bombing-britain-war.html. Accessed on

Managing Communications Knowledge and Information Assignment

Managing Communications Knowledge and Information - Assignment Example For better understanding and incorporation of decisions within the business, an organisation named Coral-Electronics has been established. For building a successful retail business, many things are needed to be analysed with the aim of having a better understanding about market conditions as well as making effective decisions. In this competitive business world, market condition is changing in a continuous manner and accordingly, a change in market condition will have a huge difference for the business to operate. Therefore, it can be ascertained that as an electronic retail organisation, the company has to incorporate and regularly update its information and knowledge for serial improvement in decision strategy of the business. On the other hand, Coral-Electronics is needed to have an understanding about its market competitors and market conditions (Stucki, 2009). In this respect, market information is crucial for the company, as it has to competing with other existing companies in the field of electronic market. Consequently, Coral-Electronics is needed to obtain adequate information and knowledge about its competitors and market trends, Coral-Electronics would able to ensure effective decisions for the development as well as growth of the company. In addition, Coral-Electronics always needed to have effective information about the customers and market trends. The company with the assistance these information and knowledge will be facilitated with the opportunity of performing operations in a profitable manner.

Analyze the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze the article - Essay Example A drop in the stock market has increased adverse selection and moral hazards because it has resulted in a weakening of the market value of firms' net worth, so lenders are less eager to lend, as deficits from loans are likely to be acute. This decline in lending has then triggered investment and aggregate yield to decline. Also, the waning corporate net worth has increased moral hazard inducements for companies to make risky investments because they now have less to lose. Again this increase in moral hazard makes lending less attractive. The failure of financial institutions in the mortgage debacle, together with the drop in the stock market has led to uncertainty in financial markets. It is more difficult to determine good from bad credit, which again has resulted to a fall in lending, investment and cumulative activity. The source of the current bank panic therefore, is asymmetric information. The result is that loan funds have been reduced and the price of intermediation has risen, which has caused a drop in investment and a decline in aggregate economic activity (Mishkin).

Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Film Analysis - Essay Example This is because, from the film, the freedom aspects of people living in the slum environment and communities raise the planning concerns in the movie. The freedom that is experienced in the slum regions is not something to be happy of, due to dense population; this is because it makes the population to be close physically (Linklater & Kim, 64). The densely populated areas in the urban setting make the development process of such regions to be minimal; this has an amicable influence on the development process. The issues behind planning in Before Sunset shows the stance of the public; where individual interest is the main agenda. The planning politics finds its roots with the water related issues and the welfare of the people around the site. The United States environment fits will the desires of the citizens. Analysis of Before Sunset involves the rapid integration of both speed and time. The shape of the city is prescribed in such a way that people and pedestrians can freely move from one location to the other and choose the location where the want to live and work. The building and the firm also move freely within the city and likewise they chose where to localize. From the film, it is evident that there are two bodies that utilized the land. The residence and the businesses. The land belonged to the property owners who rented them to highest bidders. From the film, it is evident that one of the challenges that the city faces is the open space. Cities need to consider in improving the current open spaces by adding to the open space amount. In the film majority of the city was densely populated where the green space ration and the center resident were favorable. Therefore, it is crucial to understand that while the challenge of open space need to be handled at individual level, cities need to consider this in their planning at the scale of metropolitan cities. The two elements of time

Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Events - Essay Example Often the military or the paramedics would step in and, with the aid of volunteers, deal with the situation on an ad-hoc basis. But the disorganized and unsystematic nature of these efforts would lead to less than satisfactory response to the event. It is only in recent decades that organized and exclusive government agencies were set up to prevent and manage unexpected emergencies. It is with the formation of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) in 1979 that the nation had a separate government body for tackling emergencies. Prior to that, even in the three decades following the Second World War, the approach to emergency events was piecemeal and loosely coordinated. But, despite empowering FEMA with necessary discretionary powers during crisis situations, as well as providing it with sufficient funds for garnering resources, the agency has not lived up to expectations. In more than three decades of FEMA’s existence, the nation has seen a fair share of natural disasters . But often FEMA has been found wanting in its competence and execution of prediction, prevention and relief operations. Two events in particular stand out as great lessons for the agency - Hurricane Andrew of 1992 and Hurricane Katrina of 2005. These two events exposed the state of emergency management in the United States. They played a significant role in shaping the field of Emergency Management subsequent to the event. Remedial measures were taken to restructure related agencies and personnel teams based on the failures experienced during the two events. Hurricane Andrew hit the South Eastern coast of the United States (in particular the states of Florida and Louisiana) in August of 1992. Powerful gale storms above the speed of 170 miles per hour caused havoc in the region. It uprooted hundreds of trees, threw astray public facilities, disrupted telecommunication, made public transportation unviable and most importantly, displaced tens of thousands of people from their homes. I n the aftermath of the hurricane, a quarter of a million citizens were left homeless. Their houses were either destroyed by the hurricane or left inundated by flooding. FEMA was criticized from all angles for failing to anticipate the intensity of the hurricane as well as being able to evacuate vulnerable communities to safer places in advance. It eventually took the arrival of battalions of soldiers from the National Guard to partially bring the situation under control. The National Academy of Public Administration prepared a detailed report on the event titled ‘Coping with Catastrophe’. This report outlined various shortcomings of FEMA and the manner in which it went about its designated work. One of the outcomes of this inquiry is the creation of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate. Yet, these adjustments would prove to be inadequate, as the disasters surrounding Hurricane Katrina of 2005 would show. Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast region of the United States in August 2005. FEMA’s anticipation of the onset of the hurricane was fairly accurate, and it positioned response personnel in the vulnerable regions ahead of time. But where FEMA erred is in not empowering the personnel with resources and direct access to the affected population. The inadequacy of the response personnel was proven by the fact that within three days of the onset of the Hurricane, the National Guard troops were once again pressed into service. New Orleans

Hiring an Employee for Secretary Position Essay Example for Free

Hiring an Employee for Secretary Position Essay Hiring an employee for secretary positions It is always a better idea to implement the specific process to hire an employee. Hiring department has developed series of process to begin the search and hire three desired candidate for the empty secretary positions. This will include distribution of application forms, understanding policies of hiring and conduction of interviews. I am reporting on me and my department’s role. My main role is to ensure the process has been followed in correct manner to hire the right person for this position. Our first significant step is to understand policies and procedures. Our application form will be available in our company’s official website. We make sure that every applicant are treated equal, there is no discrimination for employment in terms of race, color, national, origin, sex, religion, age, veteran status, sexual orientation or disability. The applications are reviewed to find the candidate with desired qualification for this position i. e. graduate degree in management from the university and outgoing positive personality with true passion of work. They will be called for the first interview. We have created certain questionnaire to ensure we get required information from the candidate. After this, we will hold a meeting to select most desired ten candidates. Then they will be called for second interview. Out of ten we will choose three for the position. Our department were discussing about providing one week training on application of our latest company software. We saw that employees took time to get used to the software when we updated it. So, it will be beneficial that new employees will have knowledge about it and can start the job right away without any hindrances. We are glad to let you know our procedures to hire employees. We are waiting for your approval so that we can start this process as soon as possible.

Good Night and Dance in America Essay Example for Free

Good Night and Dance in America Essay Death is inevitable and comes in different cases, and when it’s nearly there people has different ways on how they deal with it but the most affected of all are the people around them. Just like in Lorrie Moore’s â€Å"Dance in America† and Dylan Thomas’ â€Å"Don’t Go Gentle into that Good Night† both features dying people and how they live knowing anytime soon, they could die. Life is a gift from God; everyone should learn to value his life, maximizing what he can do while he is still alive, especially for his family, friends and other people around him, because nobody knows when will be the final hour. The poem â€Å"Don’t Go Gentle into that Good Night† is strongly emotional and by reading each line, you can feel the author’s anger or bitterness about death. Thomas used the term â€Å"good night† to represent death with respect to the Christian belief that death is a peaceful rest of the body as it enters the next life. Though it can be interpreted in different ways, as a personal note, the poem summarizes his thoughts about the inevitability of death and the way people deal with it. He states that people know that death is for certain, that people already accept the fact that everyone will come to their end according to the will of God but, at the end of the day, they fear leaving the world and regrets start to bother them. He mentioned in his poem about wise men that despite their wisdom cannot truly tell why death is inevitable and just accept the fact that they are dying; of the good men who did good deeds but still end up with death; and those men who lived with serious illnesses who should have enjoyed life more than just wait for their final hour. Then when their time comes, it would be too late to regret things and time wasted. Thomas also addressed there his father as he witness how his father suffered from blindness and illness, crying in pain but seems like just waiting for his end. He doesn’t like the idea that one should readily accept his death but instead, one should fight for his life and struggle against death, whether you are a wise, good, wild, or grave man. Gently accepting death, for him is narrowness, that God’s greater plan is being given up: there’s more to life. For him, death is not the end of life on Earth and the beginning of another life. Life could be more valuable and may be lived longer if people would never give up easily and fight death. (Thomas, Dylan) In Moore’s work, she also tackled the different issue in life including death. A seven year old boy named Eugene was born with a disease that affects the lungs called cystic fibrosis. He got the disease from his father. He also had some relatives who died with it. In the story, Eugene’s case had become more serious that he generated too much liquid in his lungs. But despite the graveness of the health condition, the researchers, doctors, and his family lose no hope that somehow he can survive. But like any parents, Eugene’s experience brings them sadness and grief knowing that their child is suffering from a very serious health problem. They don’t want to lose him not just because he is their only child but also because they believe he is such a good boy for God to let him die at a very young age. Eugene, himself, is also very open-minded about his condition. He understands everything and the disease didn’t pave the way to make him enjoy his childhood. He and his parents are making sure he is enjoying every moment of his life, making things seem normal. (Moore, Lorrie) The death of Simone’s first husband is also mentioned. That he killed himself after she dumped him. The author indirectly tries to say that life is unfair and ironic. There are people who longs and would do anything for a healthy life but then there are people who were granted with a normal life and healthy body would just give it all up and commit suicide. (Moore, Lorrie) In comparison, the two authors both discussed about death and the way people deal with it. Some readily accept their death and some even waste the opportunity to live, while some still fight as long as they are alive. They question its inevitability. They show that death comes unexpectedly. Life is unfair. Thomas argues about struggling in life, same as Moore as she presented the life of Eugene who is fighting against cystic fibrosis. Life is worth living and therefore it should be greatly valued by people. Their writings both presented a clear visualization of the scenarios. The works are both full of emotions and imagery. Thomas’ work is very conversational, that it is directly telling people to value life and struggle against death, especially in the part where he is talking to his father: â€Å"And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. † (Thomas, Dylan) He is saying â€Å"curse me for being still alive saying all these things, and bless me as well. You should have not readily accepted your death just like that. Life is worth living. † While in Moore’s, she leave the emotion and the message for the readers to interpret to themselves what she is trying to say by just presenting circumstances and issues. â€Å"Don’t Go Gentle into that Good Night† has an angry, sorrowful, and persuasive tone which strikes through the heart, while â€Å"Dance in America† has mixed emotions such as fun, sorrow, and anticipation which is more entertaining. The works of these two great authors agrees with the same thing, that life is worth living. Everyone is entitled to take care and value his own life for you’ll never know when it will end. Life can be very unfair and ironic. Live and enjoy your life as if everyday would be the last. Value it knowing there are some people who would have wanted to be in your shoes for having a normal and long life. For those who have serious illness or is determined to anytime soon, one should not lose hope for there are more good things to come and instead of getting bored in life or get yourself stuck on your room crying and just wait for the final hour, spend your time exploring the world with your family, friends and loved ones. There are just too many reasons for someone to stay alive and embrace life whole-heartedly. Do what you want before it is too late. Take care and value life just like what Dylan Thomas said in his poem, â€Å"Rage against the dying of the light! † You can make your light shine brighter. References: Moore, Lorrie. Birds of America. USA: Picador, 1999. Thomas, Dylan. Do not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 19 March 1999. 21 August 2007 http://www. cs. rice. edu/~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/38. html.

Reaction Rate of Hydrochloric Concentration

Reaction Rate of Hydrochloric Concentration Hydrochloric Intensity The purpose of the experiment was to gather an understanding for the chemical reactions, depending on the concentration. The rate of reaction is the speed of the chemical reaction. This experiment was to justify if the concentration is high or low will it affect the chemical reaction. Hydrochloric acid constitutes the majority of gastric acid, the human digestive fluid. In a complex process and at a large energetic burden, it is secreted by parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells). These cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. They are part of the epithelial fundic glands (also known as oxyntic glands) in the stomach. The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). It is a strong acid, the major component of gastric acid and of wide industrial use. (LibreTexts. 2017). It is said from (chem4kids.com. 2017) if a reaction has a low rate , that means the molecules combine at a slower speed than a reaction with a high rate. The collision theory was used to envisage the rate for a chemical change, collisions dont always have a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction needs to be equalized for it to have an effective collision. According to (Chemistry LibreTexts. 2017) A collision will be effective in producing chemical change only if the species brought together possess a certain minimum value of internal energy, equal to the activation energy of the reaction. Furthermore, the colliding species must be oriented in a manner favorable to the necessary rearrangement of atoms and electrons. (askllTians. 2017) The experiment that was used, was all 5 test tubes filled with the same amount of sodium thiosulfate and adding to each different test tube different concentrations of hydrochloric acid and timing how fast the reaction rate is. This experiment was used to find out if you had different concentrations of hydrochloric acid would it affect the rate of reactions. Na2O3S2 + HCI = SO2 Sodium thiosulfate +Hydrochloric acid = sulfur dioxide The chemicals in this experiment were Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulfate. Research has shown about hydrochloric acid it is a component found in the human digestive fluid from (Hydrochloric acid. 2017) it says that Hydrochloric acid constitutes the majority of gastric acid, the human digestive fluid. In a complex process and at a large energetic burden, it is secreted by parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells). These cells contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted into the lumen of the stomach. They are part of the epithelial fundic glands (also known as oxyntic glands) in the stomach. The chemical compound hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). It is a strong acid, the major component of gastric acid and of wide industrial use. If the human digestive fluid had a low concentration it would take longer to digest food. Concentration is the intensity of an element or substance in an experiment. Concentration is used in everyday life in food, drinks and chemicals added to certain things. Aim The Aim for this experiment was if the concentration would affect the rate of reaction. Hypothesis The prediction for this experiment was that the reaction time will get faster and slower with each density of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate will mix together and create a yellow substance of solid Sulphur. The controlled variable in this experiment was the concentration and the independent variable was the rate of reactions. 5 test tubes 2 measuring cylinders (50ml each) 5 different types of hydrochloric acid such as 0.2,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 (50ml each) 1 sodium thiosulfate 75ml 1 test tube rack Gloves Glasses Lab coat 3 stop watches This experiment started by the collection of the resources and safety equipment needed. Followed by the set up of the test tubes in the test tube rack and the measuring of 5ml of Sodium Thiosulfate for each of the test tubes. 15ml of Hydrochloric Acid of different concentrations ranged between 0.2 to 2.0 added to each test tube as soon as the hydrochloric acid is added the timer was stated and the experiment was observed till there werent any more changes to the chemicals. When the chemicals first had a change the time from when the hydrochloric acid added to the change was recorded into a results table. Once there was no change to the chemicals, the times was also recorded. The experiment was done three times to make sure there were the best results we could get and incase the results werent precise. After the third round of the experiments were finished the equipment used was cleaned up and the area used and all the resources and safety equipment used was returned. Diagram Risk assessment Basic steps for experiment Risks (low, moderate, high) prevention grabbing equipment from the trolley and placing it out It is at a low risk of bumping into people and dropping all the equipment To prevent this risk, you will need to walk safely to you working area and be careful with the equipment When measuring the sodium thiosulfate to put in each test tube It is at a low risk of spilling the chemicals To prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doing When measuring the hydrochloric acid to put in each test tube for the first round of experiments It is at a low risk of spilling the chemicals To prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doing The combination of the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate into the same test tubes It is at a low risk of spilling the chemicals To prevent this risk, you will need to be aware of people around you and keeping an eye on what you are doing Viewing the reaction It is at a moderate risk you may be injured by the reaction the chemical pose To prevent this risk, make sure you have put in the right amount of chemicals and dont be so close while viewing the reaction After repeating the experiment 3 times the area and equipment used will need to be cleaned and washed It is at a moderate risk spilling the chemicals on yourself will cause burning or irritation to the skin or dropping the test tubes and breaking them To prevent this risk, ware protective gear such as groves, glasses and apron it will protect most of your body at may come in contact with the chemicals Writing your results It is at a low risk the most that can happen is stabbing yourself with a pencil or pen. To prevent this risk, be careful The health effect the chemicals have: Chemical Effects Hydrochloric acid When in contact with skin, your skin will become corrosive, irritant and it will create burns on your skin. Eye contact it will become irritant and corrosive. Sodium thiosulfate Your skin will become irritant. results Experiment 1: Mol Before after reaction 0.2 Clear Change to a creamy white 51sec-6.45min 0.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 48sec-4.54min 1.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 1.10min- 2.28min 1.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 1.20min-2min 2.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 1.15-2min Mol Before after reaction 0.2 Clear change to a creamy white 51sec-6.45min 0.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 33sec-4.53min 1.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 26sec- 2.42min 1.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 18sec-2.25min 2.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 58sec-3.3min Experiment 2: Experiment 3: Mol Before after reaction 0.2 Clear change to a creamy white 41sec-3.15min 0.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 38sec-2.36min 1.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 0.06sec- 1.49min 1.5 Clear Change to a creamy white 45sec -1.27min 2.0 Clear Change to a creamy white 10sec-2.11min Discussion In experiment 1, it started with the clear mixed chemicals all with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. In the experiment for 0.2M the reaction occurred 51 seconds after combining sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid together and the reaction stopped 6.45 minutes after the combining. The hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.5M the reaction occurred 33 seconds after the combining and stopped 4.53 minutes after. 1M was 25 seconds and stopped at 2.42 minutes after, 1.5M was 18 seconds and stopped after 2.25 minutes after and finally 2M the reaction started at 58 seconds after it was combined and it stopped 3.37 minutes after the combining. Although all the concentrations of hydrochloric acid, the clear liquid it once was changed to a creamy white. In experiment 2, it started the same way as experiment 1. Although some of the results were different to experiment 1. O.2M it started at 51 seconds and stopped at 6.45 minutes after, it was the same as in experiment 1. The chemical reaction started at 33 seconds and it stopped 4.53 minutes whereas 1M started at 26 seconds and it stilled at 2.42 minutes after it was added. 1.5M was started at 18 seconds whereas 2M started at 58 seconds but 1.5M stopped at 2.25 minutes and 2M stopped at 3.3minutes. However, all the concentrations in the end change to the same color in experiment 1. Experiment 3, just like all the other experiment it was started the same way with the clear mixed chemicals however, the chemical reaction happened when the sodium thiosulfate was being measured because it was accidently measured in the hydrochloric acid measuring cylinder so that effected the results for this experiment, so it was measured when it got to a darker shade of creamy white. 0.2M was affected 41 seconds after and it stopped 3.15 minutes after. 0.5 changed 38 seconds after and it stopped at 2.36 minutes.   1M was the one that was most effected when measuring the sodium thiosulfate occurred it was recorded in the results that it started at 0.06 seconds and stopped at 1.49 minutes. 1.5M started at 45 seconds and finished 1.27 minutes after finally 2M started at 10 seconds and stopped 2.11 minutes. The Average, when the recording was happening there wasnt someone all the time watching the experiment so it may not be quite accurate. The average for 0.2M was 5.35 minutes, 0.5M was 3.81 minutes, 1M was 4.58 minutes, 1.5M was 4.02 minutes and finally 2M was 2.47 minutes. This average was only recorded by when the chemical changed stopped. The research collected helped understand what was going on with the experiment it was known if it had a low concentration is would go slower and it would go faster if it had a high concentration. The Hypothesis was supported it did get faster and slower with each density of hydrochloric acid. Although it didnt create a solid yellow substance, the experiment only created a liquid substance. This experiment has created a understanding of what would happen if the human digestive fluid has a much higher concentration it would help digest quicker but it would also eat the lining of your stomach. Evaluation This experiment worked well but there were many mistakes that occurred such as the results were not recorded properly because you needed to keep an eye on the experiment at all times to get the most accurate answer. The other mistake was with the measuring cylinders needed to make sure that this experiment used one for sodium thiosulfate and a another for hydrochloric acid otherwise it will be an inaccurate answer because the chemicals will already mix when your measuring how much you will needwith one of the chemicals. To improve this experiment, it would have been better if one person is always watching the tests so this experiment would have made the results more accurate and if the measuring cylinders were easier to tell apart so there was a clear distinction of which on was used for that certain chemical. Conclusion In conclusion, the experiment was used to have a better understanding of chemical reactions depending of the concentration. The collision theory was used to rate the chemical change, hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulfate make a yellow liquid substance. Concentration is also used every single day without most peoples knowledge. The concentration did effect the reaction rate because it either had a high or low reaction rate. The hypothesis was supported except for the concentration of 2M more information was needed to understand why. Bibliography Chemistry LibreTexts. (2017). Reaction Rate. [online] Available at: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Reaction_Rates/Reaction_Rate   [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2017) | chemistry. [online] Available at:   https://www.britannica.com/science/collision-theory-chemistry   [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Mar. 2017]. Studios, A. (2017). Chem4Kids.com: Reactions: Rates of Reactions. [online] Chem4Kids.com. Available at: http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_rates.html   [Accessed 5 Mar. 2017]. Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.gov. (2017) | HCI Pubchem. [online] Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hydrochloric_acid [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.gov. (2017). SODIUM THIOSULFATE | Na203S2 Pubchem. [online] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium_thiosulphate#section=Top [Accessed 5]

Symbols in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge E

In this essay, I will be examining some of the symbols in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem, 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.'; Symbols were very important in this poem. Without the symbols, 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner'; would be simply a poem about an old mariner who is telling a story about killing a bird to a guest at a wedding. Of course, anyone who reads the poem can see that there is more to it than just a simple telling of a story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first symbol in the poem is the wedding that the guest and the Mariner are at. This is a highly significant detail, because Coleridge could have made the story telling take place at any setting, but he chose a wedding. Why? A wedding is a very religious, very happy occasion. Weddings in and of themselves symbolize new beginnings and happiness. The reason that Coleridge decided to have this horrid tale told at a wedding could be for any number of reasons. I feel that the setting was chosen because of the new beginnings implied. As the Mariner tells his tale, the guest is held captive and when the story is done, the guest becomes essentially a new man and goes off to live the rest of his life. Had the tale taken place at a funeral, the heavy feeling of ending would have destroyed the symbolism of new beginnings. Ending of life, of happiness, of everything. If this had happened, then the fact that he rose the next day would not have been as significant. Therefore , the wedding is a very important symbol throughout the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The albatross is another significant symbol throughout the poem. It first appears in the first section of the poem, and it is a symbol of good omen for the sailors. The albatross is a white bird, which is probably the reason why many Christians of the time saw it as a holy symbol, which made it a good omen. In this poem, the albatross symbolizes good fortune. When the Mariner kills the albatross, for absolutely no reason, the good fortune that has come upon the ship leaves. Symbolically, the Mariner did not kill a simple seabird, but an omen of good fortune and luck, which is why all of the bad things happen to the sailors and the Mariner. The albatross goes from being a symbol of god fortune to one of guilt when it is hung around the Mariner's neck as a sign of what he has done. 'Instead of the cross, the Albatross About my neck was hung.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (ln. 142-43) This macabr... ... albatross, the blood that the Mariner sucks in order to announce the ship, the game between Death and Life-In-Death, the penance that the Mariner serves, and the cyclic nature of the poem are only a few of the symbols that add meaning and depth to the poem. If it were not for the symbols, the poem would simply be the story of a Mariner telling his tale to a hypnotized wedding guest, and then the poem would have no meaning to anyone. As it is, 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner'; is a poem with great depth and meaning, with a lesson that can apply to everyone. When reading this poem, the reader can feel much like the wedding guest, entranced and hypnotized. This is because of the symbols. Even if the reader of the poem does not consciously perceive the symbols in the verse, the subconscious mind will catch them and understand the intrinsic meaning. The symbols in 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner are therefore the part of the poem that makes it so intense. Works Cited Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. In Seven Parts" (1817 text) in Samuel Taylor Coleridge: A Critical Edition of the Major Works. Ed. H J. Jackson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Personal Narrative about Skiing Essay -- Narrative Essay Ski Trip

The coat of armor I adorned, made of down feathers and a nylon shell, yielded no protection against the daggers of that cold winter air. As I peered out toward the horizon, I saw nothing but tree tops, and some snow capped mountain tops in the distance. With my feet bound to freshly waxed skis, the only thing stronger than my ski poles was my determination to get down the mountain. I turned to my right, only to see the immediate drop off of the ski slope. As I crept up a little closer to the edge, I noticed an incline that before now was only known to me through pictures of cliff diving, or an exaggerated road runner and coyote cartoon. With a deep breath of that icy cold air that seemed endless at the time, I pushed myself off the mountain, and I was skiing. The wind blew past me as...

karate Essay -- essays research papers

Fighting Fighting, or kumite, is the freestyle use of moves one has learned. During this freestyle match, the students may use any technique they have learned in their training for either defensive or offensive purposes. Fighting is involved with probably only 30 % of skill the student has. However, this is a very important part of the whole. As mention earlier, katas help in perfecting the moves and the focus of executing them. On the other hand, fighting employs these moves. Practicing in fighting will assist in the timing and rhythm of the execution of the move. In a kata you have as long as you want to throw each kick, each block, each punch, and as much time to move into the next stance. During a fight, you must use these moves but timing must be involved as well. If the opponent throws a kick, you must make a decision and quick. You can block the kick, dodge the kick to the left, right, or step back, or you can decide to get hit. Now no one wants to get hit but if a decision isn’t made that will be the result. You must also be able to react fast enough to the oncoming kick with your decision. If you hesitate on your decision to step to the side, it will be to late and you could be on the ground trying to catch your breath. I know from experience. Well, let’s say you have successfully reacted to the kick and blocked it and your done right, wrong! Usually a skilled fighter won’t throw one punch or kick without following it up with 2 or 3 more attacks,... karate Essay -- essays research papers Fighting Fighting, or kumite, is the freestyle use of moves one has learned. During this freestyle match, the students may use any technique they have learned in their training for either defensive or offensive purposes. Fighting is involved with probably only 30 % of skill the student has. However, this is a very important part of the whole. As mention earlier, katas help in perfecting the moves and the focus of executing them. On the other hand, fighting employs these moves. Practicing in fighting will assist in the timing and rhythm of the execution of the move. In a kata you have as long as you want to throw each kick, each block, each punch, and as much time to move into the next stance. During a fight, you must use these moves but timing must be involved as well. If the opponent throws a kick, you must make a decision and quick. You can block the kick, dodge the kick to the left, right, or step back, or you can decide to get hit. Now no one wants to get hit but if a decision isn’t made that will be the result. You must also be able to react fast enough to the oncoming kick with your decision. If you hesitate on your decision to step to the side, it will be to late and you could be on the ground trying to catch your breath. I know from experience. Well, let’s say you have successfully reacted to the kick and blocked it and your done right, wrong! Usually a skilled fighter won’t throw one punch or kick without following it up with 2 or 3 more attacks,...

Child Language Acquisition Essay

Linguistically, both of these infants are at different stages of their language development. The lexical choices made by each child can show what stage they are at in developing their language and applying it to situations and conversations. Sophie’s use of the word ‘Bissie’, meaning biscuit shows that she hasn’t quite been able to pronounce the sound therefore makes an alternative word up that sounds similar, that is understandable by the child’s carer/parent, but is easier to say than ‘biscuit’. Other lexical choices Sophie uses, tend to be commanding words, such as ‘me want’ ‘No’. As the child is young, she realises to get what she wants; she has to ask for it and by using the commanding words, she is airing the fact that she wants something to her parent/carer. According to Halliday’s functions, this language is regulatory, as well as being instrumental. She is controlling the behaviour of others (telling Fran that she doesn’t want to tidy the dolls house) and she is obtaining material needs (wanting a biscuit). Katharine has grasped the concept of pronouns. She uses the personal pronoun ‘I’ to refer to herself ‘Now I’ll do Jason’, and she can even use ‘we’ as the collective term for her and her mum together ‘We do Jason again shall we? ‘ Sophie’s sentences have basic structure to them, as she voices what she needs to say, in the simplest way to say it. They are quite short, and to the point. Her language acquisition is at the stage where she knows how to communicate, speak and use words in a simple sentence to voice what she wants. ‘Mary come me’, meaning ‘Can Mary come and play with me’, is a very simple form of the sentence, but still communicates to her mum what she wants to do. She uses ‘me’ instead of ‘I’ to refer to herself. This confusion of pronoun usage is common among young children. Some of the words she uses, she omits the prefixes of the sounds, such as ‘nother’ instead of ‘another’. This makes it easier to say, and shortens what she says. Katharine on the other hand, who is involved in an activity, is communicating with her mum using more structured sentences. Her mum is constantly questioning what she is doing (Skinners theory of reinforcement and imitation (response)) ‘Where’s his body? ‘ then Katharine replies; ‘Dere’s his legs, touching his mouf’. The pronunciation of the words isn’t as important as the fact that she is constructing sentences and answering questions herself. A word such as ‘there’ has a consonant cluster at the beginning which is hard to say for young children, therefore they change the pronunciation, so it still sounds like ‘there’ but is easier to pronounce. She understood the question her mum was asking, and actually understood it was a question, maybe because of the intonation her mum would’ve had in her voice. This shows that she is capable enough with language to turn take, in a small conversation with her mum, talking about a subject/activity. This shows that her language acquisition is slightly more advanced than Sophie’s, as Sophie doesn’t turn take, she doesn’t answer questions either, she asks them and is at the stage of using ‘why’ as a questioning word. Sophie’s conversation with her mum doesn’t flow like Katharine’s, it is full of statements and commands rather than a question – answer structure. Turn taking is apparent in both these conversations as the parents are initiating the conversation and getting the children to talk, causing no interruptions. Sophie’s utterance lengths are longer than Katharine’s on average, but the fact that Katharine is involved in an activity has an affect on her utterances, due to concentration. Comparing the utterance lengths, Katharine’s are more advanced with the syntax structure, as her sentences make more grammatical sense than Sophie’s. This doesn’t make Sophie incorrect in her structure, she is just at a different stage of language acquisition than Katharine, and she is in the middle of developing her sentences. Age isn’t a factor in language development, as every child is different. Katharine’s mother uses tag questions, such as; ‘isn’t it? ‘ This encourages Katharine to answer her mum. Katharine does also use tag questions herself, to get a response from her mum, ‘shall we’. She has probably learnt how to use tag questions from listening to the way her mum speaks. This is quite advanced for a child as it shows they use a different way of getting a response, rather than just saying ‘why’ or using commands. She also uses encouraging sounds, which is back channel behaviour; ‘uhuh’ and ‘mmhu’, to show she is listening and taking in what Katharine is saying. Sophie’s carer/parent however doesn’t use tag questions and neither does Sophie. The conversation between the child and parent/carer is very simple and uses statements rather than questions, encouraging Sophie to talk. It is just a short conversation, with Sophie controlling it, rather then the parent/carer trying to encourage her to talk and say things. Of course, the pragmatics behind the conversations are for the parents/carers to get the children to speak and further their knowledge and understanding of the language. It is merely to get them to practice speaking, so they acquire language. There is a large difference between the two conversations, as they are in different environments (the contexts are different), with the children taking part in different situations. This is a factor which affects their language use and the way they use it in the context. After considering all of the factors to do with both conversations, I have come to the conclusion that Katharine is more linguistically developed and seems to be at a more advanced stage of language acquisition than Sophie. Katharine has a wider knowledge of the language and applies it to a conversation better than Sophie, as her sentences are constructed better and flow well.

Management and Organisational Behaviour Qantas

Assignment 3 Management and Organisational Behaviour Prep bed for Dr Retha Wiesner readiness of Business & Law University of S egresshern Queensland Toowoomba, Queensland by Student name W. Amal Peiris Student military f ar U1031128 MGT5000 INTRODUCTION Qantas faced the crisis in 2011. hitherto it has commenced in 1990 when it was deregulated the pre cheekncy by dint of privatization. agri market-gardening of Qantas remained un substituted and it operated as a political relation institution. Since Qantas was a government owned arrangement its damage rump was non belligerent compa rosy-cheeked to some another(prenominal)wise Airlines.Qantas responded with emit- cost Jetstar and just uniform Virgin Air elbow rooms, the latter also locomote into international flight paths to provide an alternative to passengers. Since then Qantas set step to the fore on a modernization path whilst adapting to the globose environment. However its cost can continue to climb. t ercet unions went on a usurp and it ended in 80,000 passengers existence unnatural, more than than than than 600 flights off and seven aircraft grounded. The impact has been felt at both internal completelyy and internation wholey. On 29 November 2011, Qantas chief executive Alan Joyce make the mop up to ground the airlines constitutional fleet.This action desolate 68,000 passengers around the initiation and locked prohibited Qantas employees in response to the protract industrial quarrel. Since parties accommodate failed to resolve the animosity at bottom 21 days, went by means of a binding arbitration. As consequences to the Qantas crisis the main challenges are to make of trust, restoring right(a) move arounding relationships and rescuing Qantas write up with its staff, customers, the government and other stakeholders. CRITICAL handling ON THE POWER ISSUES EVIDENT FROM THE campaign Power could be define as, the efficacy to mobilize resources (human a nd machine) to get things d unitary. * a resource, non an act. It is an ability, a subject, a potential and it does non break to be employ. * something which is positive in wrong of its output. * conception of post which sees it as the means whereby common objectives are achieved. * a resource which rotter be grow and shared to the mutual bene fit of all parties. Power over refers to the ability of 1 party to impose its will on another. Power is an essential get laidrial resource. It is demo by the ability to get psyche else to do what you want you to do.However, if power holders gradientstep and impose such power on someone else to achieve individual objectives earlier than common objective, a power issue is arose. Bases of Power Bases of Power refer to what power-holders aver that al first gears them to manipulate the behavior of others. These are condition power, including ? Reward power power establish on the distribution of rewards that others view as valuab le. ? Coercive power power that is found on tending. ? Legitimate power and prescribed authority the power a mortal receives as a dissolving agent of his or her commit in the lump power structure of an judicature, including process and reading power.Personal power including ? quick power influence wielded as a burden of expertise, special skill, or companionship. ? denotative power identification with a soulfulness who has desirable resources or personal traits, the power of existence likable. As the chief executive officer of Qantas, Alan Joyce possesses the current power and dress authority. In the assumption pillow slip its unpatterned that Alan Joyce has utilize his power unintellectual in some(prenominal) circumstances, those pass been critically analyzed cry (out) The fleet groundingCEO announced the immediateand unparalleled grounding of all Australian internal and international Qantas flights as a result of the proposed lock-out of the airline s staff in response to act industrial action against the troupe. This resulted grounding of 108 planes at 22 airports, internalally and internationally. Further it was estimated to cost $20 million a day. This whoremaster been seen as a action interpreted by the CEO storeyd on the his legitimate power and pro forma authority, which resulted in plus to the revenue loss a loss of advantageouslywill too.However, one put up implore that he made this finis with the best interest of the Qantas and but not anything against the unions. In his words he say that All Im bear on about is Qantas. This was not anti-union, this was pro-Qantas Ill furbish up whatever street fighter ratiocinations are necessitate in separate to image the endurance of this great company Actions to minimize cost As further explained in subsequent part of this analysis, out-of-pocket to the deregulation of airline industry, circumspection headed by Alan Joyce had to make hobby decisions to be c ompetitive in impairment of cost. Qantas decided to operate with low-cost Jetstar flights. Jetstar capacity is very limited too. * Qantas announced a restructure which will see 1,000 jobs emasculated as part of a tender emphasis on Asia which would help the counselling to cut cost and be more competitive. However, forward making these decisions guidance did not consult the parties who were going to be impacted. base on the legitimate power and formal authority counseling used a bottomsheesh-down move up in terms of these changes. From the side of the employees, they could argue that this nest was not the right barbel to change.From the other side one can argue that these decisions any means had to be interpreted to the survival of Qantas, thence he had make these in good opinion. CRITICAL DISCUSSION ON THE contest ISSUES EVIDENT FROM THE CASE AND HOW THE RESPECTIVE PARTIES make up DEALT WITH THE CONFLICT. The crisis which faced Qantas during 2011 is said to stick commenced due to the interest changes made by the precaution in Qantas As a result of airline industry started going through a deregulation by the Australian government, by end of 1995, Qantas previously existence a government owned organization became a public company which is listed in Australian Stock Exchange.However, as a result previously macrocosm a government owned organization, Qantas existing cost base wasnt competitive compared to other orbiculate airlines. Hence, instruction had to take chthonianmentioned initiatives. * Qantas decided to operate with low-cost Jetstar flights. Jetstar capacity is very limited too. * Qantas announced a restructure which will see 1,000 jobs gelded as part of a parvenue emphasis on Asia which would help the management to cut cost and be more competitive. As a result of these changes following meshing issues were arose between management and its employees.Parties fight Issues Action Engineers Engineers felt vulnerable for fear th eir work would be sent foreign and they wanted only if limited outsourcing. * They went on strike over succumb and conditions. * posterior moved to arbitration, describing it as the appropriate solution for the appropriate time. Baggage and catering staff Their Concern was for job security and outsourcing quite an than pay. * They went on strike over pay and conditions Long-haul Pilots To ensure Qantas flights are operated by pilots paying at Qantas rates, not the lower Jetstar rates. The only action Qantas pilots had been taking was inflight announcements about the industrial feud, as well as the donning of red ties that carry the message Qantas flight, Qantas pilots However, Fair plow Australia FWA industrial umpire managed to bring the disputing parties to the dialog table. FWA gave 21 days to disputing parties to resolve the dispute. But, within this period parties failed to reach a solution. Hence, FWA brought the dispute between Qantas and three unions to a close through binding arbitration.On the other hand, Unions argued that Qantas has failed to break good organized religion in the negotiations and chemical reaction from Alana Joyce was totally out of proportion to the issues. critically DISCUSS THE LEADERSHIP STYLE OF QANTAS CEO, ALAN JOYCE AS EVIDENT FROM THE CASE AND THE CHANGE forethought STRATEGIES THAT HE HAS USED IN dealings WITH THE STRIKE. Leadership manner Its sheer from the research made on the Crisis leadinghip that attractors play a primal role in crisis through virtuoso making and the viable psychogenic models. In this regard in depth companionship on the crisis is very much critical to a leader.In a crisis situation leadership actions are always depends on the leaders style of that particular leader. A leader always makes decisions to cope with the crisis and to change the context of use in which it occurs in line with his/her leadership style. However, these actions may not always staunch and directed to wards the assumption crisis situation. In the given Qantas case, when the industrial dispute occurred, Alan Joyce as the CEO of Qantas decided to grounding of all Australian domestic and international Qantas flights as a result of the proposed lock-out of the airlines staff.Further, he decided to give back accommodation costs for those left stranded by the fleet grounding, and refund those who were anticipate to fly with the airline. Afterward, he expressed his public opinion on his actions saying that All Im concerned about is Qantas. This was not anti-union, this was pro-Qantas Ill make whatever tough decisions are needed in order to ensure the survival of this great company Hence, in this situation one could argue that the leadership style of Qantas CEO is dictatorial or lordly where workers obtain low bargaining power.In late 1940s, based on the research made by the University of naut mi it was derived two basic forms of leadership behaviors employee-centered and produc tion-centered. In the employee-centered environment its expected that leaders are sensitive to the employees feelings and emphasizes more on interpersonal relations. In the production-centered environment its expected that leaders are more concerned with spelling out the task requirements and emphasizes more on the practiced aspects of the job.When considering the above decision and comment made by the CEO on the industrial dispute, its transparent that CEO is dictatorial or Autocratic and relied more on the production-centered behavior. Change management strategies Typically, change initiatives are met by some resistance. In general, resistance is managed best if its recognized premature in the change process. This mainly can be done through education, converse, troth and facilitation. In the given case its evident that management of Qantas had used top-down commence to change.In this approach CEO believed that unidirectional communication indorse by the formal authority of their position is enough to put on the change. However, its evident from the case that this approach is not effective. Victims argued that Qantas has failed to display good faith in the negotiations and this one-way communication of change process made number of issues in Qantas. E. g. The engineers, felt vulnerable for fear their work would be sent overseas. The pilots union wants to ensure Qantas flights are operated by pilots paid at Qantas rates, not the lower Jetstar rates.The Transport Workers Union, which represents baggage handlers and catering staff, wants to restrict work being sent outside Qantas. As a CEO, who plays major role in top management, Alan Joyce does not have a monopoly on expertise, information and inputs. In such situation, two-way communication would have given addition perspective to the change management process. Hence, in general it can be cerebrate that leadership style and change management strategies used by the Alan Joyce are ineffective. THE p ick OF QANTAS MAY BE AT guess IF THE ISSUES ARENT RESOLVED IN THE FUTURE.IN YOU VIEW, IS A enculturation CHANGE REQUIRED IN QANTAS? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER BY critically DISCUSSING THE CURRENT CULTURE OF QANTAS AND EVALUATING WHETHER A CULTURE CHANGE IS NECESSARY. Although the Qantas and Australian Airlines were merged and Qantas was privatized, As a result of previously being a government owned organization the companys cost base wasnt competitive compared to other global airlines. The enculturation of Qantas including organizational structure, strategies, and cost base remained unchanged with the changes in Ownership.With the privatization, Qantas could have changed their finish including strategies, and cost base to be in competitive within the airline industry. Autocratic leadership was applied where workers have low bargaining power and there were no proper processes for performance evaluation, health and condom and benefits (Compensation) of employees. Leadership style should be pose to enhance problem solving, effective decision taking, where performance evaluation, health and safety and benefits (Compensation) of employees is considered.They have failed in dealing with disputes with employees where dispute has had a profound effect on customers, suppliers and other third parties. Due to lack of communication Qantas failed to provide adequate notice of pass judgment interruptions to normal operations. Also Qantas has failed to display good faith in the negotiations. Therefore it is all important(p) to fulfil proper policies for resolving affairs. Dividend has not been paid to the shareholders company since early 2009 and check to CEO there wont be any growth in the short term.Companys cost base is not supportive for make lucre and further adding to the pressure on Qantas is the everlasting(a) competition from Virgin Australia in the domestic market. In a summary, changing culture of Qantas is very important to achieve objectives of rebuilding o f trust, restoring good working relationships and rescuing Qantas reputation with its staff, customers, the government and other stakeholders. Existing cultural nett Qantas Myths & Stories * drop of job security * scurvy Management employee relation Symbolic Aspects * acquit management remote from workers * One way communication theoryPower structures * CEO call the shot * fighter union * Complaint work pull up Organization * Top down Mgt hierarchy * Still follow Bureaucratic style * Strong union Control systems * Lack of open honest two way communications & Info sharing The range * Focus product not battalion * Atmosphere of mistrust * Structure, order & stableness Rites & Routines * High Safety RECCOMENDATIONS Power As the CEO of Qantas, Alan Joyce possesses the legitimate power and formal authority. In the given case its evident that Alan Joyce has used his power base in several circumstances. E. g. He announced to ground all Australian domestic and international Qanta s flights as a result of the proposed lock-out of the airlines staff in response to act industrial action against the company. * As a result of the deregulation of airline industry, management headed by Alan Joyce took some decisions to be competitive in terms of cost. These decisions resulted rate reductions and freewill rate redundancies. However, affecting parties were not consulted before making these decisions. Earlier part of this analysis, it was cogitate that a power issue is evident from these actions.Alan Joyce could have used his legitimate power and formal authority more refreshing way as his decisions created conflicts between Qantas and unions. This could have been done by way of * victimization the power to mobilize resources to get things done efficiently and effectively. * Using the power and political sympathies to achieve common goals of all parties. * Creating comity use of flattery, creation of goodwill, acting humble, and being friendly prior to making a decision. * Coalition getting the support of other batch in the organization to back up the decision. Bargaining use of negotiation through the exchange of benefits or favours. * self-assertiveness use of a direct and forcible approach such as demanding residence with requests, repeating reminders, ordering individuals to do what is asked, and pointing out that rules require compliance. Conflict management Its evident from the case that the CEO was unable(p) to manage the conflict situation properly. Three unions were not happy about the approach used by the management. As conflict in an organization can be dangerous, CEO could have given more attention to the conflicting issues.All conflicting situations cannot be considered to have negative impacts. There are two sides to a conflict. i. e. constructive side and destructive side. CEO could have determine constructive side of the conflict. It could have offered the management to identify otherwise neglected problems and opp ortunities. Further, it could have helped Qantas to become more innovative in the given issue. Hence, CEO could have witness the issue that causes the disagreement to be in a better position to manage the conflict and use the conflict to the organizations advantage.This could have been done by * Listening carefully to unions to prevent misunderstanding. * modify the air with regular meetings that give unions a chance to discuss their grievances. * whirl as much information as attainable about the changes to minimize confusion. * Developing conflict management strategies. Leadership CEOs actions against the industrial dispute brought number of conflicts on to the surface. This is mainly because unions were in the opinion that Qantas has failed to display good faith in the negotiations and CEO was totally out of proportion to the issue.However, leaders should play a central role in crisis through sense making and the viable mental models. In this regard CEO could have used an appr oach like case-based knowledge as it likely to equip a leader with the best basis for problem-solving under crisis conditions. Case-based knowledge appears most applicable in crisis leadership as case-based knowledge is cognise to be integral to planning and it provides information that is relevant to generating viable responses to the crisis situation.Even though it is infeasible to predict a crisis, as a leader CEO could have taken precautionary actions to prepare for such crisis. These may include * Cataloguing potential crisis situations * making policies for their measure * Formulating strategies and tactics for potential crisis * Identifying who will be most affected by the crisis * Devising effective communication channels to those affected to limit the damage the organizations reputation. Associated change management strategiesIn the given case its evident that management of Qantas had used Top-down approach to change. In this approach CEO believed that one-way communicat ion backed by the formal authority of their position is enough to implement the change. However, its evident from the case that this approach is not effective. kind of CEO could have used an approach like shared power and plotted change. To minimize the likelihood of resistance one of the best approaches to change is, put hearty emphasis on involving all parties affected by the change. Following steps could have been followed by the CEO. Education and communication modernise the unions about the change before its implemented and help them to understand the logic of the change. * booking and involvement Allowing unions to help design and implement the change and allowing them to contribute ideas and advice. * Facilitation and support actively listen to the complaints and problems of the different categories of staff and providing breeding in the new ways, helping to surpass performance pressures. * Negotiation and argument Offering incentives to actual or potential resistor s. habit Using covert attempts to influence others. E. g. get off leaders. * Explicit or underlying coercion At last resort, use force to get people to stick out change. Organizational culture * Organizational culture should be change to in ossification with structure to achieve its common goals. * fabricate strategies in accordance with structure, culture, and HR policy. * fulfil proper procedures for resolving industry disputes. * take up by changing peoples behavior. * Decide proper plan for willful redundancies. Intervene in the cultural communications that is, those things that communicate culture, and try to get people to adopt the new beliefs and values. * Intervene in the hiring and socialization of members. Hire people who would fit in with the desired culture, and teach them the rules, norms and expectations of the organization. * pull back any deviants from the organization. LIST OF REFERENCES University of southerly Queensland, efficacy of Business and Law, 2012, MGT5000 Managing organizational behaviour, Study book, University of Southern Queensland, Australia, pp. 20-141. Wood, Zeffane, Fromholtz, Wiesner, Creed, A2010, Organisational Behaviour core concepts and applications, 2nd Australian edn, , commode Wiley Sons Australia Ltd, Milton, Qld, Australia. ABC (2011) What is the Qantas dispute all about? http//au. finance. yahoo. com/news/What-Qantas-dispute-abc-2933944078. html? x=0 ABC Updated October 31 Val Gostencnik and John Tuck (2011) Six lessons from Qantas, http//www. corrs. com. au/ intellection/INSIGHTS/SIX-LESSONS-FROM-QANTAS/ http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2011_Qantas_industrial_disputes viewed on 31 May 2012.